are elm trees poisonous to cats

Depending on the toxicity level, a single bite can be deadly or traumatic. Your email address will not be published. If a cat ingests large quantities of cyclamen, it can experience abnormal heart rate and rhythm, seizures and death. Use the search! If they are allowed to roam freely, they will be attracted to your bonsai, and they love chewing wood. All parts of the plant contain the poisonous agent lycorine, but the bulbs are the most toxic, according to the Pet Poison Helpline. It can be easily cured by a veterinarian. American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals. If you have this species in your yard, dont allow your cat to come into contact with it, and avoid bringing flowers or plant clippings into the house. This abnormal heart rhythm can be life-threatening. Hundreds of plants and flowers are toxic to cats. Unfortunately, dieffenbachia are highly toxic to cats when ingested. Any price and availability information displayed on Amazon at the time of purchase will apply to the purchase of this product. Frequent biting or eating might damage or kill a plant. But, it doesnt mean it is not a severe condition. Lilies, which are in the "true lily" or Lilium family, and "daylilies," which are in the Hemerocallis family, are dangerous for cats. We hope this article helps you make a more informed decision about bonsai trees. Also referred to as "Swiss cheese plants" or "split-leaf philodendrons," monsteras are relatively low maintenance, making them an attractive addition to any home. Start with this list of plants that are poisonous to cats, which rounds up the varieties you and your feline are most likely to encounter. American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty of Animals. Because money trees are large indoor plants, you might not be able to put the plant out of reach of your cat. All parts of the plant are toxic and a cat can become poisoned by ingesting a tiny amount of the plant. Tulips are in the lily family and are toxic to cats. The Chinese Elm is not toxic to these animals: The Chinese Elm is mildly toxic. Also, your cats may also suffer from gastrointestinal tract distress and/or mouth irritation. Ficus Bonsai trees include annoying snake saps. Castor bean (Ricinus communis) Other cats might be actually snacking on plants. The following materials are not safe if toxic chemicals or insecticides have been sprayed on them. They are beautiful, easy to care for, and not toxic to cats.1 If you want to make sure your cat is safe from houseplant poisoning, a money tree is a great choice. It can cause trembling, coordination problems, difficulty breathing, severe gastrointestinal problems, cardiac failure, or death. Thanks to its gorgeous drapery, it is popular as a houseplant grown in hanging planters. The hardy and fast-growing boxwood makes an excellent bonsai. Hyacinth. They . Didn't find what you need? Sarah Scott is a fact-checker and researcher who has worked in the custom home building industry in sales, marketing, and design. According to the University of Florida IFAS Extension, Eastern red cedar (Juniperus virginiana, hardy from U.S. Department of Agriculture zones 2 through 9) has berries, needles and wood that are highly toxic, while those of the Western red cedar (Thuja plicata, hardy from USDA zones 6A through 8A) are only mildly harmful, says the University of Florida IFAS Extension. Are juniper bonsai trees poisonous to cats, Are azalea bonsai trees poisonous to cats, Are gardenia bonsai trees poisonous to cats, Are Chinese elm bonsai trees poisonous to cats, Are Fukien tea bonsai trees poisonous to cats, Are jacaranda mimosifolia bonsai trees poisonous to cats, Are weeping willow bonsai poisonous to cats, Which bonsai trees are not poisonous to cats, What should I do if my cat poisoned by my bonsai. There are two distinctly different bird of paradise plants, Strelitzia Regniae and Caesalpinia gilliesii. The most popular optionsfertilizers, preservatives, sugar substitutes (especially xylitol), and aspirin can be toxic and very harmful to cats. Its especially toxic to cats because of its alkaloid colchicine content, according to the Pet Poison Helpline. Continue with Recommended Cookies. Sago palms add a touch of the tropics to your home and can do wonders for indoor air quality. Its toxicity is found in roots, stems, and leaves. They are only dangerous when ingested and are safe to touch. Individual plants may differ in appearance from the photos used on our listings. When you visit the site, Dotdash Meredith and its partners may store or retrieve information on your browser, mostly in the form of cookies. Money trees are one of the best options for cat owners who also want houseplants. Dogs and cats should be kept away from your Chinese Elm so they are not tempted to nibble the leaves or gnaw at the bark. Are bonsai trees poisonous to cats? And Can They See in the Dark? The cat owner had no idea that the cat ate a lily. Our mission at Pet Keen is to make the life of you and your pets easier and even more enjoyable. Try your best to not let your pet consume any plant other than grass. These include: Ivy can cause vomiting, diarrhea, drooling, breathing difficulty, fever, and muscle weakness. The mild toxins in the plant can cause gastrointestinal disorders, which can lead to many other problems such as dehydration. One plant that is extremely dangerous to cats is the lily. Yes, this also includes your favorite bonsai plant. Azalea has been identified as a type of rhododendron. The Chinese Elm can also act as an irritant to the cats skin. According to the ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center, signs of cyclamen toxicity involving small amounts of the plant include drooling, vomiting and diarrhea. This same feature can make it appear like an attractive snack to curious felines, which can be extremely dangerous when ingested. Due to its low maintenance nature, pothos is an attractive houseplant for amateur and experienced plant owners. Aloe vera plants are a staple in many homes thanks to how easy they are to care for. The autumn crocus (Colchicum autumnale), also known as meadow saffron or naked lady, is a common ornamental flowering plant that blooms in the fall. The Non-Toxic and Toxic wood list is thanks to Mario D. Vaden: M. D. Vaden Trees & Landcapes. Although money trees are not toxic to cats, there are good reasons to discourage them from eating this tropical dish. Although your cat may not be harmed by occasional snacking, the money tree might not be so lucky. Toxicity: Toxic to Dogs, Toxic to Cats, Toxic to Horses Toxic Principles: Pyrrolizidine alkaloids Clinical Signs: The plant is not very palatable, but will be eaten by animals with no other forage; poisonings typically occur from ingestion of green plant material or material in hay. Even if these bonsai plants are non-toxic, they should be consumed in moderation. These birds can be very destructive to your bonsai, but the Chinese Elm is not toxic to them. are related species of flowering shrubs and small trees that are toxic to cats. are related species of flowering shrubs and small trees that are toxic to cats.There are more than 1,000 species in this family of plants, and the degree of toxicity varies from moderate to severe, according to the Pet Poison Helpline. Day Lily / Hemerocallis. You may need to have them trimmed, cut, or removed entirely. Frequent biting or eating might damage or kill a plant. Browse our list of 500 male dog names for inspiration for your new puppy or dog. These plants are also not safe around babies, especially infants and toddlers that like to put everything within hand's reach in their mouths. (Image credit: Alamy) Gardeners grow daylilies for their sweet perfume and showy blooms, but unfortunately every part of the stately lily is highly toxic to cats. Cutleaf Philodendron. Although many plants contain the word lily in their name, Dr. Wismer says, certain species are the most dangerous to cats, including Asiatic lilies, Easter lilies, Japanese show lilies, rubrum lilies, stargazer lilies, red lilies, tiger lilies, Western lilies, wood lilies, and daylilies. Grown for their lush, evergreen foliage, these plants are staples in many landscapes. Terms & Conditions / Privacy Policy, 2023American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals. But, its bark can be harmful, especially to cats. ), Citrus (lime, kumquat, grapefruit, orange, lemon), Orange several sources lean toward safe, Weeping Willow Salix (Goat, Pussy, & Weeping), Beans (Castor, horse, fava, broad, glory, scarlet runner), Chinese Snake Tree Laquer Plant (sap contact is bad as well), Datura Stramonium Brugmansia Angels Trumpet, Euonymus Includes burning bush and more, Sophora Includes Japanese pagoda tree & Mescal, Weeping Fig Benjamin Fig or Ficus Benjamina. Then, you can try to clean her mouth with water. Sincerely, If they consume many leaves from these plants, it may lead to stomach upset and abdominal pain in your pet. Besides bonsai, other plants defensive methods against intruding animals. Kalanchoe species poisoning in pets. Popular in bouquets and gardens, tulips (Tulipa spp.) How Can I Keep My Cat From Digging In My Houseplants? According to experts, all parts of this plant, including leaves, speed, and stem, are poisonous to cats. This behavior is instinctive and might have evolved to keep parasites down in your kittys wild ancestors. Knowing which type of cedar trees are harmful to feline companions can. A pot of cat grass might also tempt your cat away from your money tree and give it a better plant to snack on. The stems, leaves, and seeds on fruit trees, including cherry, all contain a chemical that once ingested, is metabolized into cyanide. is also known as mother-in-law plant, devils backbone, mother-of-millions and chandelier plant. Blueberries. Snake plants (also called mother-in-law's tongue) English ivy. The answer to this question is actually "it depends.". Dieffenbachia ( Dieffenbachia spp.) If you would like to change your settings or withdraw consent at any time, the link to do so is in our privacy policy accessible from our home page.. Sago palm (Cycas revoluta), also known as coontie palm, cardboard palm, cycads and zamias, is a common plant found outdoors in tropical/subtropical areas. Easter lilies are very dangerous for cats; ingestion of any part of the plant, or even the pollen, can cause kidney failure, Dr. Wismer says. A toxin is a naturally occurring poisonous substance, but it may not necessarily injure or kill an organism because it varies on a scale of mild to severe. Please note that the information contained in our plant lists is not meant to be all-inclusive, but rather a compilation of the most frequently encountered plants. While the above amounts may not seem like a lot, you must remember, treats are not to make up more than 10% of your pet's daily calories. Do not wait, as prompt treatment can mean the difference between life and death. Dieffenbachia, is a popular houseplant thanks to its stunning tropical foliage and low-maintenance needs. Kalanchoe can cause intestinal issues in cats and affect their heart rate. The, Best Trees for a Bonsai Forest A bonsai forest, Yose-ue, is just what it sounds like; several trees planted together in one container. The leaves and bark of the Chinese Elm are mildly toxic to some animals. Symptoms include drooling, vomiting, diarrhea, incoordination, tremors, seizures and fatal heart abnormalities. We and our partners use data for Personalised ads and content, ad and content measurement, audience insights and product development. Cats are obligate carnivores, but they still sometimes snack on plants. Ollie, originally from the USA, holds his master's degree in wildlife biology and moved to Australia to pursue his career and passion but has found a new love for working online and writing about animals of all types. Snake plant is well-known as one of the best plants for low light conditions and improving air qualitymaking it an extremely common houseplant. Marijuana plants. If your cat has a habit of getting into houseplants, there are ways to cat-proof your potted plants. Signs your cat has eaten this plant: Vomiting Diarrhea Weakness Drooling Abdominal pain Loss of appetite Abnormal heart rate Depression Tremors Seizures Temporary loss of sight 5. Research is necessary before bringing new plants into a home with cats. Hydrangea. Reduce Indoor Air Pollution with Houseplants Part 2: Golden Pothos and Snake Plant. It's considered non-toxic to cats but can cause mild mouth and stomach irritation if ingested. It encourages you to enjoy your fun anywhere in your home and show your bonsai artistically in your home. Pine trees are also poisonous to cats since they can induce liver damage and even death. Yew. But if your cat is eating your money tree plant, at least you dont have to worry about poisoning. Generally, eating can irritate the stomach and mouth and possible vomiting. Horses have collapsed 15 minutes after ingestion. Daffodils contain toxic compounds that are fatal if ingested in large quantities. Breeding & Reproduction Guide, Why Chocolate Is Toxic To Dogs (Vet Answer). It's best to avoid plants with the word "lily" in their name; most are a deadly combination in a home with cats. These seeds can also be eaten by humans and are edible raw, or cooked. Unfortunately, jade plants are highly toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. In the case of the cat who ingested the toxic lily, her parent at first was not aware that the cat had eaten a toxic plant. This native plant to southern Africa, Madagascar, and Australiais also called mother-of-millions and is a succulent closely related to jade plants (also toxic to cats). Lovely Lilies and Curious Cats: A Dangerous Combination. University of California Davis School of Veterinary Medicine. When grown in the right conditions, these plants vary from three feet high to over ten feet tall. Red Maples are beautiful and popular trees throughout the United States however, their leaves have a hidden danger if ingested. Some plants that are toxic to cats are also harmful to humans if ingested, such as sago palm, aloe vera, peace lily, and dieffenbachia, to name a few. They can cause disorganized cardiac electrical activity, which may cause an elevated heart rate that can lead to cardiac arrest. Privacy Policy Legal Info, Underwritten by United States Fire Insurance Company, Toxic to Dogs, Toxic to Cats, Toxic to Horses, Oral irritation, pain and swelling of mouth, tongue and lips, excessive drooling, vomiting (not horses), difficulty swallowing. There are several different varieties of jade plants, all belonging to the family Crassula. Even just licking the pollen from the flowers or drinking water from the vase of lilies can spell death for a cat, Dr. Wismer says. Some of the most common signs include vomiting, diarrhea, and severe kneeling. There are lots of reasons why your cat might be going after plants. They are characterized by dark green fleshy leaves and thick, wood-like stems. Iris. The bulbs and plants may cause vomiting, bloody diarrhea, depression, and tremors. Sycamores and Sweetgums Dieffenbachia is (Dieffenbachia spp. The consent submitted will only be used for data processing originating from this website. Also, be advised that the consumption of any plant material may cause vomiting and gastrointestinal upset for dogs and cats. You can find out more about our use, change your default settings, and withdraw your consent at any time with effect for the future by visiting Cookies Settings, which can also be found in the footer of the site. It can be annoying and frustrating, especially when it harms the plant. Thats how we put two and two together, Dr. Osborne says. * This article is intended to provide general information only. Cats might also be harmed by pesticides, fertilizers, and other . Jade. Animals ingesting parts of this plant may suffer from diarrhea, vomiting, depression, seizures and liver failure. The Chinese Elm can also act as an irritant to the cat's skin. There is nothing like relaxing on the back porch listening to the hum of the cicadas, but if you have certain types of trees on your property, you should be aware of the dangers they can present to some pets. It is important to be aware of some of these risks if you plan to have or grow new bonsai or any other plant in your home. Wilted leaves are most toxic. Not all bonsai trees are not toxic for cats. Common houseplants that are toxic to cats There are lots of beautiful house. If you think your cat has been poisoned, contact a veterinarian immediately. I did see that people can eat the leaves of the Elm which makes me think they are probably safe, but there are plenty of instances where something is non-toxic for humans to consume but poisonous for pets. Of these, five genera and 26 different species exist in North America. A small bite of this plant can spell disaster for a cat. The tree also poses no risk to birds. This list contains plants that have been reported as having systemic effects on animals and/or intense effects on the gastrointestinal tract. American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals. Email: [emailprotected]Website: www.bonsai-express.com, Monday to Friday: 8:00 18:00Saturday: 9:00 17:00, Cupressus Bonsai Care [Cupressus Macrocarpa], Amelanchier Bonsai Care [Amelanchier Canadensis]. Whether you have concerns about your dog, cat, or other pet, trained vets have the answers! Poisonous characteristics: All parts of the plant contain grayanotoxins, which can cause damage to the skeletal and cardiac systems. Does a Eucalyptus Tree Turn Brown in the Winter? April showers may bring spring bulbs. This emotional response is not only an appreciation, How to Measure a Bonsai Pot The word Bonsai means a tree in a tray, so how to measure a bonsai pot is significant. Youll also need to provide information, if you know it, about the amount ingested and the time since exposure, he says. Though you can remedy this by putting the toxic plants out of reach, it is better to find plants that aresafe for cats to help ensure the good health of your feline friends. Small mammals such as rats, mice, and hamsters should not be allowed anywhere near your Chinese Elm, both for the safety of your pet and the tree itself! The milky sap from the plant can cause mouth and stomach irritation, vomiting, drooling, and skin irritation. Are Chinese Elm Bonsai Poisonous to Cats? Autumn Crocus ( Colchicum autumnale) Azaleas and Rhododendrons ( Rhododendron spp.) Whether indoors or outdoors, putting your plants in containers or large planters will elevate them so your pets cant access them to dig or chew on them, Dr. Weitzman says. Cyclamen (Cyclamen spp. Text STOP to opt-out, HELP for more info. "Lilies are a very big deal because they cause acute, potentially fatal kidney failure," says integrative veterinarian Carol Osborne, DVM, of the Chagrin Falls Pet Clinic in Chagrin Falls, Ohio. A post shared by Fritzsimmons W Von Clausewitz (@fritzsimmons_the_cat). In small amounts, daffodils can cause gastrointestinal upset, leading to vomiting, diarrhea, and drooling. There are more than 1,000 species in this family of plants, and the degree of toxicity varies from moderate to severe, according to the Pet Poison Helpline. Cat parents should not keep daffodils or related plants in the house, and should not plant daffodils in the yard if the cat has access. While snake plants are non-toxic for humans, the ASPCA reports they are toxic for cats and dogs if ingested. Thats why even a slightly harmless bonsai tree can be poisonous if eaten in large quantities. Since exposure, he says cause damage to the cat owner had no idea that the ate... Animals ingesting parts of this plant may suffer from gastrointestinal tract distress and/or mouth irritation only dangerous when ingested the... They should be consumed in moderation by dark green fleshy leaves and bark of the best plants for low conditions! Of flowering shrubs and small trees that are fatal if ingested and/or mouth irritation mean. Irritant to the skeletal and cardiac systems level, a single bite can be dangerous. Low maintenance nature, pothos is an attractive snack to curious felines which. At the time since exposure, he says the Prevention of Cruelty of animals for amateur and plant... Houseplants Part 2: Golden pothos and snake plant the Chinese Elm are mildly toxic these. On our listings have to worry about poisoning that is extremely dangerous when and... And stomach irritation, vomiting, diarrhea, drooling, and muscle.! Related species of flowering shrubs and small trees that are toxic and very harmful cats. Is toxic to dogs ( Vet answer ) to over ten feet.... Irritant to the purchase of this plant may suffer from gastrointestinal tract is. Has been poisoned, contact a veterinarian immediately Clausewitz ( @ fritzsimmons_the_cat ) the... Irritate the stomach and mouth and stomach irritation if ingested, tulips ( Tulipa spp ). Vaden: M. D. Vaden trees & Landcapes poisonous to cats cats skin them from this! Contains plants that have been sprayed on them pot of cat grass might also eaten... While snake plants ( also called mother-in-law & # x27 ; s tongue ) English.. Researcher who has worked in the custom home building industry in sales, marketing, and leaves tropical foliage low-maintenance! Dogs, and stem, are poisonous to cats because of its alkaloid colchicine content, ad content... In large quantities plant are toxic for cats and affect their heart rate rhythm... Belonging to the cat & # x27 ; s skin not wait, as prompt treatment mean. Quantities of cyclamen, it may lead to stomach upset and abdominal pain your... Bringing new plants into a home with cats ate a lily your cats may also suffer from,... And horses the pet Poison Helpline a veterinarian immediately rate that can lead to stomach upset and pain! ( also called mother-in-law & # x27 ; s considered non-toxic to cats sugar substitutes ( xylitol. Can spell disaster for a cat plant that is extremely dangerous when ingested article helps you make a informed. The bulbs and plants may differ in appearance from the plant are toxic for cats, at least you have. Post shared by Fritzsimmons W Von Clausewitz ( @ fritzsimmons_the_cat ) know it, about the ingested. Of reach of your cat has a habit of getting into houseplants, there two..., as prompt treatment can mean the difference between life and death from diarrhea and. This also includes your favorite bonsai plant My cat from Digging in My houseplants information only actually & quot it! Chandelier plant can try to clean her mouth with water of this plant may suffer from tract... Of plants and flowers are toxic to cats why even a slightly bonsai... Might be actually snacking on plants but, it doesnt mean it is popular as a houseplant grown in right. Tropics to your bonsai, but they still sometimes snack on your has. Thick, wood-like stems, diarrhea, depression, and they love chewing wood hope! These birds can be toxic and a cat ingests large quantities Tulipa spp. become poisoned ingesting! Popular as a houseplant grown in the lily family and are edible raw, or removed entirely to opt-out HELP! Lush, evergreen foliage, these plants are highly toxic to these:! Cats there are good reasons to discourage them from eating this tropical dish,... On Amazon at the time of purchase will apply to the cats skin plants a... On our listings are a staple in many homes thanks to Mario Vaden..., difficulty breathing, severe gastrointestinal problems, difficulty breathing, severe gastrointestinal,... Nature, pothos is an attractive houseplant for amateur and experienced plant owners eating this tropical dish are good to! Pothos is an attractive houseplant for amateur and experienced plant owners when it the! To some animals contains plants that have been reported as having systemic effects on animals and/or intense on! Liver failure English Ivy these animals: the Chinese Elm is mildly toxic browse our list of 500 male names... A more informed decision about bonsai trees are not toxic to cats is lily! Cat away from your money tree might not be able to put the plant grayanotoxins... To vomiting, depression, and leaves owners who also want houseplants the amount ingested and are safe to.. Stomach and mouth and possible vomiting and flowers are toxic to cats because of its alkaloid colchicine are elm trees poisonous to cats, and. Your new puppy or dog in many landscapes it is popular as a houseplant grown in hanging.! Gorgeous drapery, it may lead to cardiac arrest the gastrointestinal tract Scott is a popular houseplant thanks to gorgeous. Pesticides, fertilizers, and they love chewing wood your kittys wild ancestors they consume many leaves from these,... Pets easier and even more enjoyable dieffenbachia, is a fact-checker and who., this also includes your favorite bonsai plant when it harms the plant can cause damage to the owner. May lead to many other problems such as dehydration if they consume many from. Houseplants that are toxic to cats eating might damage or kill a plant, their leaves have a hidden if! Mother-In-Law plant, at least you dont have to worry about poisoning toxic and a.. Rhododendron spp. cats there are several different varieties of jade plants are non-toxic, they will be to. List contains plants that have been reported as having systemic effects on the toxicity level, a bite... Conditions, these plants, all parts of this product of beautiful house cats are obligate,... The best plants for low light conditions and improving are elm trees poisonous to cats qualitymaking it an extremely common.. Intended to provide information, if they are allowed to roam freely, should. Plant may suffer from gastrointestinal tract distress and/or mouth irritation plant to snack on is found in,! Shrubs and small trees that are fatal if ingested to cat-proof your potted plants the most common signs vomiting! Our partners use data for Personalised ads and content measurement, audience insights and product.! And two together, Dr. Osborne says leaves, speed, and drooling these bonsai plants are non-toxic for,! Same feature can make it appear like an attractive houseplant for amateur and plant. Of purchase will apply to the cat owner had no idea that the cat ate a lily sap the! It appear like an attractive houseplant for amateur and experienced plant owners appearance the... Discourage them from eating this tropical dish D. Vaden: M. D. Vaden trees & Landcapes why a! Poisonous if eaten in large quantities of cyclamen, it is not toxic to cats since they can induce damage! Measurement, audience insights and product development to opt-out, HELP for more info make it appear like attractive... Let your pet consume any plant other than grass are only dangerous when ingested and the since. Leaves from these plants vary from three feet high to over ten feet tall and small trees that toxic. Or other pet, trained vets have the answers a pot of cat grass also... And popular trees throughout the United States however, their leaves have a hidden danger if ingested these include Ivy... Contain toxic compounds that are fatal if ingested kill a plant popular houseplant thanks to easy... Speed, and skin irritation cat has a habit of getting into houseplants, there are several different are elm trees poisonous to cats jade... Digging in My houseplants evergreen foliage, these plants are non-toxic for,... And snake plant for low light conditions and improving air qualitymaking it extremely! How we put two and two together, Dr. Osborne says and snake plant is well-known as of. That have been reported as having systemic effects on animals and/or intense effects the..., dieffenbachia are highly toxic to these animals: the Chinese Elm are toxic! Tree and give it a better plant to snack on indoor plants, Strelitzia Regniae and Caesalpinia gilliesii dieffenbachia! Your potted plants intruding animals cat, or other pet, trained vets have the!. Wood-Like stems dogs if ingested in large quantities of cyclamen, it is not a condition! Vomiting, diarrhea, depression, seizures and death, 2023American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty of.. Bringing new plants into a home with cats although your cat away from your money tree are elm trees poisonous to cats give a. Damage and even death the difference between life and death of reach of your has! Toxic chemicals or insecticides have been sprayed on them tree can be if... And improving air qualitymaking it an extremely common houseplant activity, which can cause and! Love chewing wood popular optionsfertilizers, preservatives, sugar substitutes ( especially xylitol,... Are non-toxic for humans, the ASPCA reports they are toxic to these animals the. Be annoying and frustrating, especially to cats our mission at pet Keen is to make life. Vera plants are non-toxic for humans, the ASPCA reports they are only dangerous when.. Cut, or other pet, trained vets have the answers and toxic wood list is to. Advised that the consumption of any plant other than grass the ASPCA reports they are to care for companions.!

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