Page 55: Picture Alliance Human trafficking rings often use instant and secure communication mechanisms to facilitate activities among members and employ GPS location applications as one way to remotely control victims. 65 allegations were made against military, police, and civilian personnel. By Mark P. Lagon and. Nonetheless, the challenges uncovered by COVID-19 are monumental and may be long lasting, requiring sustained collaboration among governments, civil society organizations, private sector leaders, survivor leaders, and other anti-trafficking actors to adjust and respond aptly to overcome these challenges. While the TVPA and UN TIP Protocol call on governments to proactively address trafficking crimes, some governments are part of the problem, directly compelling their citizens into sexual slavery or forced labor schemes. Belize The use of children in commercial sex is prohibited by law in the United States and most countries around the world. Additionally, the author holds a Masters degree in Intercultural Studies with Children at Risk and a Bachelors degree in Education. It is through collaboration and collective understanding of both the nuances of our profoundly changed world and the needs of those affected most by the compounding effects of both human trafficking and the COVID-19 pandemic that a path forward emerges. While many countries shifted to conducting court proceedings virtually, limited to no internet connectivity and cost-related barriers to internet access for rural or underserved communities in some countries, such as The Gambia, made it challenging for victims to participate in virtual courts. Federal agencies responded by sharing plans to apply a survivor-informed approach for human trafficking. Sudan Unlawful Recruitment or Use of Child Soldiers. The use of child-friendly spaces reflects a multidisciplinary approach, providing a place for children to feel safe in the wake of trauma and for social workers, medical professionals, law enforcement, and others to conduct victim interviews, psychosocial counseling, and medical care all in the same location. Finally, as co-chair of the Task Force mandated by the UN High-Level Committee on Management to develop a common approach to combat TIP and forced labor in supply chains, the OSCE has closely worked with the UN system to coordinate these efforts among all major IOs. Kathleen Vogel When there was an error at the local health clinic, and my blood got mixed up with another persons, I tested false positive for AIDS. This carefully calibrated support would be provided to the Yemen Border Guard, Yemen Coast Guard, and Yemen Special Operations Forces units not directly engaged in the current conflict, but rather involved in efforts against malign third party influences contributing to the on-going conflict and crisis. A trauma-informed approach should ultimately build trust and transparency between survivors and service providers, and it must also be responsive to gender, age, ethnic, and cultural differences. Syria The country faces numerous longstanding challenges, including: inadequate infrastructure and human resources; the governments inability to project authority across the sizable country; corruption; a limited capacity to raise and manage revenues; outbreaks of infectious disease; as well as the destabilizing activity of numerous armed groups. They have set up 16 economic empowerment businesses throughout Albania, which aim to decrease womens risk of exploitation by providing opportunities to participate in entrepreneurial projects in tourism, design, and education, among others. any person under 18 years of age who has been recruited or used in hostilities by armed forces distinct from the armed forces of a state. These measures will go a long way to preventing labor abuse and exploitation, especially forced labor. We are the unwanted, the forgotten, the lost kids of the streets that no one misses or looks for. MacKenzie Bills They characterize the manythough not allforms of human trafficking and the wide variety of situations and location in which they occur. Section 2 provides a description and the amounts of assistance withheld pursuant to section 404(a) of the CSPA. Judges admitted virtual victim testimony via livestream in a separate room to allow victims to feel safer and prevent the potential spread of COVID-19. Haiti Page 619: Picture Alliance Regardless of socioeconomic background, child survivors of familial trafficking situations often have limited avenues for resources when seeking assistance. Allow me to repeat myself: we were SOLD. Rather, a Tier 1 ranking indicates that a government has made efforts to address the problem that meet the TVPAs minimum standards. Kelsey Brennan When children experience familial trafficking, they may develop educational and social delays, physical health problems, and psychological disorders, such as complex post-traumatic stress disorder and attachment disorders. Papua New Guinea Given the essential role that these monitoring mechanisms or efforts play as the parties to the R-ARCSS continue to work to implement the peace agreement and form a transitional government, waiving restrictions to PKO assistance is in the U.S. national interest. The owner locked the 12-year-old in a dirty room with several other children and forced them to make bangles for 15 hours a day, using lacquer melted over dangerous burning coal and making only US $0.70 a week. In Burma, families experienced drastic declines in household incomes, with 94 percent of households surveyed reporting a reduction of incomes, 81 percent reporting at least one family member losing a job, and 69 percent reporting having to take loans making these families vulnerable to trafficking. The DDR Committee works to equip former child soldiers with resources for income-generating activities and reintegrate them into their communities. I look forward to once again engaging in-person with government counterparts, NGO representatives, and individuals with lived experience to continue the two decades of progress that was celebrated and recognized last year in the twentieth TIP Report. Organizations can set themselves up for success in a manner that is adaptivenot stagnantto meet the evolving challenges of anti-trafficking efforts by mindfully weaving together survivor-leadership and trauma-informed approaches for the collective good of all who engage in anti-trafficking spaces. In Xinjiang, the government is the trafficker. Francesca J. Tadle Page 17: Sara Hylton The multi-faceted challenges generated by the COVID-19 pandemic continue to evolve and expose vulnerability in individuals, as well as systemic gaps. Nigeria Turkey Many victims struggle with a long list of criminal offenses that follow them for the rest of their lives., Lyresh Magee, Sonia Helmy-Dentzel Korea, North In Lesotho, a group of trafficking survivors in a shelter produced masks for themselves and the local community, contributing to the fight against the pandemic. It is essential that financial institutions train staff on techniques human traffickers use to launder money and the behavioral and financial red flag indicators of human trafficking. The recent scale of misinformation about human trafficking, however, distracts from the real crime, and may have long-lasting negative effects on efforts to combat it and to aid actual victims of human trafficking. Adrienne Sgarlato Despite facing resistance and, at times, criticism, he and his team continue to work toward the implementation of labor reforms and improvement of workers lives. The President has determined that it is in the U.S. national interest to waive in part the application of the prohibition in section 404(a) of the CSPA with respect to South Sudan to allow for provision of PKO assistance and has certified that the Government of South Sudan is taking effective and continuing steps to address the problem of child soldiers. Tonga At first, it may not be apparent that acting on this information could have any harmful consequences. Overcoming and adapting to these broad impacts of the pandemic remain critical to an effective response against human trafficking. Page 5: Picture Alliance Chantal Sagbo Sasse has been at the forefront of Gabons anti-trafficking movement for more than two decades. Survivors may encounter a large number of health indicators and somatic complaints due to having to endure trauma for a long period of time at an early age, including head, stomach, and body aches; throat and urinary tract infections; interrupted sleep due to nightmares and flashbacks; difficulty concentrating; asthma; and more. In addition to addressing immediate needs by providing food, water, and sanitary facilities, a child-friendly space should address longer-term needs through the provision of medical screening and services, psychosocial counseling, referrals, and information about legal proceedings. The Department of State further assesses that the most durable solution to the unlawful recruitment and use of child soldiers will be a negotiated political settlement that ends Libyas current conflict. Greater stability and self-reliance is one of our top strategic objectives in the DRC, such that our more than half a billion dollars in annual bilateral assistance can be wound down, and our focus turned more fully toward trade and investment. 5. Kathy Unlu Lithuania Whether the government of the country extradites persons charged with acts of severe forms of trafficking in persons on substantially the same terms and to substantially the same extent as persons charged with other serious crimes (or, to the extent such extradition would be inconsistent with the laws of such country or with international agreements to which the country is a party, whether the government is taking all appropriate measures to modify or replace such laws and treaties so as to permit such extradition). When investigations and prosecutions did proceed, the coordination of extra safety precautions that met the victims and the prosecution teams level of comfort further delayed the process in some cases. Human trafficking is typically not so simple or salacious. Around the world, governments, companies, and consumers committed to eliminating human trafficking from global supply chains can all play a role in demanding an end to the use of forced labor in Xinjiang and beyond. L. No. Individuals in underserved communities faced barriers to accessing healthcare, while foreigners were stigmatized as carriers and spreaders of the virus, placing them at higher risk for exploitation and violence. Guillermina Cabrera Figueroa is the specialized prosecutor for human trafficking for the State of Mexico. Page 30: Reuters/Jackson Njehia Perpetua Anaele Interpol said authorities rescued about 430 human . Venezuela. Beatriz Garcia Velazquez North Macedonia The BSA permits financial institutions to share information relevant to money laundering and terrorist financing under the legal safe harbor provided by the USA PATRIOT Act Section 314(b). 2020 - 2021 Trinidad and Tobago Newsday. Page 13: Smita Sharma The Department has highlighted the vulnerability of LGBTQI+ individuals, the trafficking risks they face, and the challenges associated with victim identification and protection around the world. The Department places each country in this Report onto one of four tiers, as mandated by the TVPA. Trinidad and Tobago Stay-at-home orders and travel restrictions made it more difficult for front-line officials to protect individuals through proper identification and screening techniques, leaving officials to rely on victims to self-identify during the pandemic, which already occurs rarely. IMET funding will be used to build capacity within the Republic of Yemen Government (ROYG) military by sending selected military officers for the United States for non-technical training. Libya International organizations conducted and produced most of the initial comprehensive assessments of the impact of COVID-19 on anti-trafficking efforts and highlighted areas in which to adapt policy approaches and target resources. Cote DIvoire In his response Dr Rowley said TT continued to actively work with the US to improve the rating, but one of the bigger issues affecting the rating was the lack of convictions under human-trafficking laws. Aggregate data fluctuates from one year to the next due to the hidden nature of trafficking crimes, dynamic global events, shifts in government efforts, and a lack of uniformity in national reporting structures. Comoros The response to the impacts of the pandemic on anti-trafficking efforts thus far has largely been reactive as stakeholders work to understand the effects and adapt. This limited approach to realizing both goals causes harm, especially when those organizations then claim they are survivor-informed but only focus on the survivors story or benefits to the organization and decline to implement the survivors recommendations or consider their feedback. Some employees of NGOs that help identify and provide services to survivors of human trafficking have even faced threats of violence by followers of these theories. Significant work needs to be done to address this practice in South Sudan, and the U.S. government will continue to urge the government to take additional steps to prevent the unlawful recruitment or use of child soldiers. As a result, APRAMP was able to remain active in reporting on sex trafficking trends, thus providing strategic information to other relevant stakeholders. The assertion came days after government and opposition politicians pointed fingers at each other over a 2022 Tra. "With these important initiatives and the support of our state and national partners, we can continue taking important steps to end modern day slavery and ensure that our state is a safe haven for survivors - not . Abigail Long Every year adults and, to a lesser extent, children migrate voluntarily to countries in the Middle East to work in a variety of sectors, such as agriculture, construction, and domestic service. Many aligned policies and practices to current realities. Marissa Pietrobono Foreign domestic workers are particularly vulnerable to abuse due to language and cultural barriers, as well as a lack of community ties. The 2021 narratives provided detailed examples to justify this assessment, such as: Over the last four years, the Peoples Republic of China (PRC) has carried out a mass detention and political indoctrination campaign against Uyghurs, who are predominantly Muslim, and members of other ethnic and religious minority groups in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region (Xinjiang), a large region in western China. Trafficking in persons, human trafficking, and modern slavery are umbrella termsoften used interchangeablyto refer to a crime whereby traffickers exploit and profit at the expense of adults or children by compelling them to perform labor or engage in commercial sex. b. the United States toward agreed goals and objectives in the collective fight against trafficking. Marshall Islands In addition to GNA-aligned units, others, including the self-styled Libyan National Army, have engaged in the recruitment and use of child soldiers. Daniel Evensen Katherin paid US $1,500 to escape Venezuela and find security and opportunity in Guyana. South Sudan According to international organizations, the CPUs prevented the recruitment of 439 children in 2019. For the knowing commission of any act of a severe form of trafficking in persons, the government of the country should prescribe punishment that is sufficiently stringent to deter and that adequately reflects the heinous nature of the offense. Both the federal government and states have passed laws that shift the blame away from vulnerable youth and adults onto traffickers and customers and attach stiff penalties for sex trafficking. Solomon Islands Reports from several countries demonstrated drastic increases in online commercial sexual exploitation and sex trafficking, including online sexual exploitation of children (OSEC), and demand for and distribution of child sexual exploitation material (CSEM), including content that involved human trafficking victims. Papua New Guinea Always discerning the needs of the moment,Pooleadapts to meet new challenges. Compensate survivors in leadership commensurate with other leadership. Hong Kong On World Day Against Trafficking in Persons, the U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS) released new resources aimed at combatting human trafficking and supporting victims. Further, judicial officials postponed prosecutions and court proceedings due to delays in investigations, efforts to maintain safe social distancing regulations, and focus on competing priorities. Belarus In addition, the GOI has made progress centralizing payment systems, including for the PMF, which helps to prevent government salaries from being paid to children. Organizations must incorporate the voices of multiple survivors into their trauma-informed practices. Liberia Ashley Hernandez Victims and survivors faced obstacles accessing assistance and support as lockdowns, social distancing protocols, and a lack of resources caused service providers to close shelters and reduce services. Governments, donors, and civil society organizations faced practical and ethical dilemmas reconciling pandemic mitigation strategies with the implementation of anti-trafficking activities. Similarly, the Australian Border Force issued an information sheet on modern slavery and COVID-19 that provided guidance on how to reduce the risk of workers becoming more vulnerable to human traffickers as a result of the pandemic. Singapore The application of equity-based approaches. This narrative was written by a consultant for the Network funded by the TIP Office. February 1, 2016. This process includes evaluating programs and policies with humility and commitment to change wherever possible, even where those changes will be difficult to implement. Law enforcement officers were unable to conduct proper investigations and interviews with individuals to obtain the necessary evidence to prosecute human trafficking cases. Croatia In addition, SAMHSAs Six Key Principles of a Trauma-Informed Approach refers to the necessity of creating and protecting psychological and physical safety within the organization, fostering trust through transparency, providing peer support, and leveling power differences through collaboration, empowerment, and cultural humility. The US Department of State urges the Government of Trinidad and Tobago to investigate fully and transparently any official suspected of complicity in human trafficking, and to seek conviction and sufficiently stringent punishment of any official found to be complicit, a spokesman from the US Embassy in Port of Spain said. Nigeria Both male and female children are often sexually abused or exploited by members of armed groups and suffer the same types of devastating physical and psychological consequences associated with sex trafficking. The justification for this determination and certification with respect to each country is set forth in this Memorandum. Sex trafficking encompasses the range of activities involved when a trafficker uses force, fraud, or coercion to compel another person to engage in a commercial sex act or causes a child to engage in a commercial sex act. Survivor-led and Survivor-informed Solutions. The GNA has also committed to providing unhindered access to an international fact-finding mission created under the auspices of the UN Human Rights Council in June 2020 to document human rights abuses in Libya. Governments and other anti-trafficking organizations are already taking action to weave anti-trafficking measures into crisis responses. As of April 5, no funds subject to CSPA have been obligated. Sinking demand also led major global retailers to cancel orders and, in many cases, refuse to pay for products their supplier factories had already produced. Prioritize and institutionalize survivor engagement by creating a budget line within the organization for consultations with lived experience experts. Justifications for Waivers and Exceptions. Uzbekistan Section 402 of the Child Soldiers Prevention Act, as amended (CSPA) requires publication in the annual TIP Report of a list of foreign governments identified during the previous year as having governmental armed forces, police, or other security forces, or government-supported armed groups that recruit or use child soldiers, as defined in the CSPA. Bolivia The TVPA, as amended, lists additional factors to determine whether a country should be on Tier 2 (or Tier 2 Watch List) versus Tier 3: In addition, the TVPA directs the Secretary of State to consider, as proof of a countrys failure to make significant efforts to fully meet the TVPAs minimum standards, a government policy or pattern of: trafficking; trafficking in government-funded programs; forced labor (in government-affiliated medical services, agriculture, forestry, mining, construction, or other sectors); sexual slavery in government camps, compounds, or outposts; or employing or recruiting child soldiers. President Felix Tshisekedi has demonstrated that he is a willing partner committed to addressing instability and conflict in DRC, but needs U.S. security assistance to succeed in defeating armed groups threatening local populations, including the ISIS-affiliated Allied Democratic Forces (ADF). Bemaka-Soui is also sensitive to the effects that human trafficking has on individuals and their communities. Detention in these camps is intended to erase ethnic and religious identities under the pretext of vocational training. Forced labor is a central tactic used for this repression. Reports of human rights violations attributable to state security forces is on a downward trend. 2551 (XL-O/10), Department of Public Security and Department against Transnational Organized Crime, The OECD Due Diligence Guidance for Responsible Supply Chains in the Garment and Footwear Sector(2017), OECD Task Force on Countering Illicit Trade, OSCE Action Plan to Combat Trafficking in Human Beings (2003), Special Representative and Co-ordinator for Trafficking in Human Beings, Regional Conference on Migration Plan of Action (updated in 2009), The Liaison Officers Network to Combat Migrant Smuggling and Trafficking in Persons, SADC Strategic Plan of Action on Combating Trafficking in Persons, especially women and Children (2009-2019), Economic Community of West African States, European Union Agency for Law Enforcement Cooperation, Council of Europes Group of Experts on Action Against Trafficking in Human Beings, International Criminal Police Organization, Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Queer, and Intersex, Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe, United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children, Supplementing the United Nations Convention Against Transnational Organized Crime. 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