the four winds what happened to rafethe four winds what happened to rafe

Meanwhile, Loredas perspective is shaped by the time shes living in. Loreda is 18 now. Afterwards, Elsa sends Loreda away and talks to Jack. When Elsa stops for gas, the attendant warns her of a bad element out there so she shouldnt keep her cash in her handbag. Loreda seems to adopt a more cooperative and helpful attitude now, perhaps as a result of some combination of necessity, hope in going west or finding her father, seeing her mothers distress, maturity or the realization that her mom and brother are all she has left. Jack tells Loreda about how cotton prices are down and cotton growers are worried about their workforce potentially unionizing. The Wolcotts are third-generation Texans, and Elsas grandfather, Walter, was a Texas Ranger. Circumstances? She embraces their way of life, the hard manual . In 1940, Loreda is home on her grandparents farm. Admittedly, literary fiction is not the surest bellwether of American cultural attitudes. Then, Rafe tells her he is leaving for college in August. Elsa feels trapped by the way people see her and think about her. One week as Elsa heads down to the relief office, Loreda asks to drive in order to practice. Rafe dreams of leaving for the big city, but does his duty. Loreda thinks about how she wants to be more of a fighter like Jack and less of a faithless dreamer like her father. Elsa, Loreda and Ant all get ready to pick cotton. They hear a noise in the barn, which turn out to be Milo (the horse), who is dying. She falls asleep freshly washed and sleeping on clean sheets. With cotton season over, Loreda will soon be returning to school, which she is reluctant to do. On the road, Elsa is filled with doubt about her ability to handle the challenges ahead. Elsa ends up deciding to tell them the truth. Soon, they are kissing and have sex but then he abruptly says he should get her home. When Loreda asks if theyll see them again, Elsa finally admits to Loreda that the house theyd seen in Dalhart was her former home, but her family rejected her. Over time, Elsa finds her place on the Martinelli farm, and the baby (name Loreda) is born. Until the night she meets Rafe Martinelli and decides to change the direction of her life. It just won Book of the Month's 2021 Book of the Year Award, based on votes from members . Elsa and Rafe hurry inside as the walls shake and winds howl. She wonders how she will find a job, and how she will watch her children even if she has a job. New York: St. Martin's Press, 2021 . Elsa and Rafe now also have a son, Anthony ("Ant"), 7. His eyes are red from the dust and his cough is still bad. Over the past 25 years, we have trained and mentored more than 10,000 students from all walks of . The next day, Elsa gets the kids ready for school a mile away. In her restlessness, Elsa imagines herself as The Lady of Shalott, referencing the eponymous character in the lyric poem of the same name by Lord Alfred Tennyson. Rafe is Ward Cameron's eldest child and Sarah and Wheezie Cameron's older brother. Despite it being completely out of character for her, she is willing to cause trouble and threaten someone if it means helping someone she loves. As they leave the office, they run into a frantic-looking Jeb who reports that Jean is sick. She claims to be 13, but the truck driver knows shes lying. Mr. Gerald then informs him that the land will be auctioned off on April 16. Farmers are fighting to keep their land and their livelihoods as the crops are failing, the water is drying up, and dust threatens to bury them all. "I'm sorry," she said. Together, they block the road. Thankfully, it starts back up. Rafe, on the other hand, is someone driven by dreams and hope, so he needs the prospect of something more aspirational to keep moving forward. The story is set during the Dust Bowl period a few years after . Still, even though no one else knows that Elsa had sex, even just the rumors of it from last night are sufficient to tarnish her reputation. Still, he offers to drop her off at a bus stop in Bakersville. The Four Winds is an epic novel of love and heroism and hope, set against the backdrop of one of America's most defining eras the Great Depression.. Texas, 1934. Elsa notes that the death of their son, Lorenzo, hadnt broken him the way that poverty and famine did. Loreda at 12 is moody and angry. Around town, many businesses are shut down, and needy children line up for food at the church. by Kristin Hannah. Letter have been received all over of news of family members that have moved West and found jobs, with encouragement to join them. Shes reminded of the girl she used to be. Later, Elsa sees Rafe crying over how difficult life has become. Loreda runs off. Loreda is someone who wanted something to believe in, and when all she had was her father and his pipe dreams, then thats what she believed in. While Elsa accepted the Martinellis love for this land as her own, she sees that Loreda has adopted her fathers outlook. . At the podium, theres a man talking about the migrant problem in the state. Afterwards, the woman tells the security man to stop her, but he is also a former migrant and so he gives Elsa a five-dollar bill instead. The family is overjoyed. Loreda is devastated by Stellas news. When money runs low in the winter, Elsa starts standing in the food lines for assistance. Its about a woman locked up in a tower near Camelot. They talk about how everyone is leaving, and how they could die out here. In 1935, the three of them embark on the ride towards California. Back at the camp, Jean introduces Elsa to the other women around there, Midge from Kansas and Nadine from South Carolina. Sadly, Jean dies. Rafe has filled Loredas head with ideas of faraway places, and he tells her about his complaints about farm life. Rafe's father. Elsa ends up doing seasonal field work for larger farms. As Elsa gets settled, shes surprised to find the Martinellis have no indoor plumbing. Loreda screams and cries, while Ant is sad and cries. She glanced sideways at him, seeing his perfect profile. The Martinellis have had to sacrifice in hopes of giving Rafe a better life than their own. The Four Winds is a rich, sweeping novel that stunningly brings to life the Great Depression and the people who lived through itthe harsh realities that divided us as a nation and the enduring battle between the haves and the have-nots. Founded by Dr. Alberto Villoldo, The Four Winds Society offers the world's most thorough training in Shamanic Energy Medicine combined with cutting-edge practices in nutrition, biology and neuroscience. Later, when Elsa goes to talk to Loreda, she realizes that Loreda has run away, leaving just a note. A testament to hope, resilience, and the strength of the human spirit to survive adversity, The Four Winds . When she leaves, shes upset and runs into Jack who tries unsuccessfully to comfort her. Then, a dust storm descends. Loreda also explains that Grandpa Tony has been teaching her things like how to hunt or how to put water in the radiator. The police show up. Instead, she puts him in a wheelbarrow, so she can push him the two miles into town. Hannah is the author of more than 20 novels, including the bestsellers Winter Garden, Night Road, and Firefly Lane. Determined, Loreda grabs a shotgun, dons boys clothing, and drives the truck to the Welty store. Jack explains that the barn was burned down and some arrests were made. THE FOUR WINDS Characters By Chapter: EDITOR: Christina Hale . As instructed, she waits for it to cool down before adding water. Rafe and Elsa are married unceremoniously with a quick exchange of rings. The next few days are filled with rain as the ditch nearby fills up. On Christmas morning, Elsa reveals that she has a letter from Rosa and Tony and small gifts for the kids. He informs the farmers that in order to survive, they will need to alter their farming methods to employ soil conservation. Loreda: Daughter of Elsa and Rafe. Jeb and Jean Dewey and their children Mary, Buster, Elroy and Lucy: family that Elsa meets in the encampment. She runs away and hitches a ride with Jack Dewey, who works for a Communist organization, Workers United. Instead, Rafe jumped a train, leaving only a note. At the station, she recognizes the man she saw get beat up when she was waiting in the food line (Jack Valen). She writes that the four winds have brought people from all over to this place to make a stand in the name of what is right. She knows she needs to take control. A woman narrates that she moved west in search of the American Dream. Meanwhile, Loreda and Ant are hiding in the schoolhouse. Jack goes up to challenge him and say that the workers will strike. Though Elsas previous grievances were legitimate, it seems she probably also failed to understand the difficulties of lives outside her own. Rafe previously told Elsa about his parents and the difficulties they faced in trying to build a life there, but now Elsa is getting a taste of the less charmed life as well. The truck driver introduces himself as Jack Valen. It shows how she has internalized the sexism that she is surrounded with. The family (Elsa, Rafe, Loreda, Ant) head to the auction house. Afterwards, Loreda dreams about the life they could have there, but Rafe tells her that his parents and Elsa would never want to leave. She feels restless and destined for spinsterhood. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Thank you for this summary. Farmers are fighting to keep their land and their livelihoods as the crops are failing, the water is drying up, and dust threatens to bury them all. She thinks about the women of the Great Plains had do to survive. Rafe Cameron is one of the main characters and the secondary antagonist in Outer Banks. Back at home, Loreda is upset because she doesnt know whats going on. The Four Winds was published in February of 2021 and immediately hit #1 on the New York Times, Wall Street Journal, USA Today, and Indie bookstore's bestseller lists. The Quick Recap and Chapter-by-Chapter Summary for The Four Winds by Kristin Hannah are below. She misses her mother. "The Four Winds" begins in northwestern Texas in 1921. Here, it felt like things just happened. Sure enough, Loreda has left a note saying shes gone to look for Rafe. Elsa goes out, determined to find Loreda. The next day, her mother offers little sympathy. But this is the story the way it was, the way it happened. Loreda thinks to herself that she understands her mothers fears, but she also thinks that Elsas passion has gone out while hers has not. She talks to Jack and thanks him for his help, but she maintains her stance against communism. The Four Winds is an epic novel of love and heroism and hope, set against the backdrop of one of Americas most defining eras the Great Depression. Jean names it Clea, after her mother. Seeing how poorly hes doing, she wants to take him to Doc Rheinhart, but realizes that they have no horse. Her decision to cut her hair is likely because it serves as a loud signal to everyone else that they should look at her differently than before. When the day finally comes, she qualifies for 13.50 per month. That night, Elsa pens a cheery letter to Tony and Rose to let them know they made it. Gia: Composto: Rafe's fianc. A time of abundance. Seeing the babys death, Loreda is upset. It is not known whether or not Rafe was attending college prior to the events . Elsa converts faithfully as promised, though she struggles with learning to cook. When she gets home, her father is furious. Then, he disowns Elsa and leaves. The Pioneer Days celebration comes up, a holiday which used to be exuberant and patriotic. They talk about how they all just live off welfare and have no reason to pick cotton. Jean lends her a pair of shoes for Ant, and she pushes Elsa yet again to register for relief just in case. In July, the Martinellis head to Northern California with other migrant workers to pick fruit when there is little work in the cotton fields. ), and less attractive than her beautiful younger sisters, Charlotte and Suzanna (both married). This episode hints that Loreda has a strength to her that we havent fully explored yet. He reassures her that it will rain. After the days work is over, Loreda runs off in frustration. . Ant likens them to an Explorers Club. Then, flyers for a meeting for the Workers Alliance are distributed. It's not until she sees Jean die from typhoid and Welty casually decrease the wages for its workers that Elsa realizes she must join in the fight. The Four Winds is a rich, sweeping novel that stunningly brings to life the Great Depression and the people who lived through itthe harsh realities that divided us as a nation and the enduring battle between the haves and the have-nots. In the back bay of the truck, they lay on quilts, watch the stars and talk about wanting more in life. Kristin Hannah. Meanwhile, Rose intends to teach Elsa to cook. She worries of how the car engine will fare in those conditions and what they will do if it fails. 1. Once she knows what she needs to do, she no longer has any desire to leave her family. The store allows her to buy things on credit, but Elsa has to temper her impulses, knowing easy it could be to overspend on credit. Afterwards, they see another dust storm headed their way. Meanwhile, Rafe continues to withdraw from Elsa. Rafe tells Elsa that he wants to leave to try to find a job in California. Contact: 917-880-9692. When she's finally able to leave with her kids, they become migrant workers in California -- which she quickly realizes is an exploitative system. She assumes that worst that Ant is dying, but the adults dont want to tell her. Jack tells Elsa about his mother, who died in a factory fire because they boarded up the doors to prevent workers from taking cigarette breaks. Then, just as Jack announces the sixth as the day of the strike on fields across the valley, the sound of police sirens ring out. Theres a steep learning curve, but eventually they are able to get to the point where they pick enough cotton to be earning around $4 a day between the two of them. Rose agrees. 2022 23 liverpool jersey; tormentor projectiles extraction; the four winds what happened to rafe She gets inspired to sew her red fabric into a daringly modern dress. But Loreda refuses it, saying she no longer believes in it because it failed to keep their family together. Now, she chronicles the Dust Bowl years, giving eager readers . She tells Ant that theyll take him home in a few days and then off to California. the four winds what happened to rafe. She also shows Loreda that she went back to town and picked up her library card. The pandemic-fueled economic . However, when she offers to pay part now and part when she gets a job, the woman suggests that she leave. And when she gets home, Elsa tells herself to be brave before chopping off her hair into a chin-length bob. He tells her that hes from Lonesome Tree, thirty miles away. When she wakes, Loreda points to the sight of green farmlands with excitement. Rose shows Elsa a American coin with two wheat stalks on it which Tony found in Italy before they left. In mid-August, Elsa discovers she is pregnant. Loreda tells Elsa that her family missed out by not seeing how special Elsa is. They also gave Loreda a compass. Elsa goes to the police station to report Loreda missing. When Elsa gets pregnant, her father disowns her, and Rafe's parents (Tony and Rose) tell him to marry Elsa. She excitedly tells her about the meeting she attended, but Elsa recoils at the idea of aligning with communists and antagonizing their employers. Kristin's highly anticipated new release, The Four Winds will be published on February 9, 2021 (St. Martin's Press). As Rosa is comforting Elsa, she mentions that she believes that Loreda needs to be taught to settle down, and that Ant will someday go to college. In mid-March, there are eight straight days of 100 degree heat, and the familys spirits begin to dampen. When the Great Depression hit, the difficult times led to heightened fear of outsiders and the immigrants were deported. Posted by: how do natural killer cells kill viruses . The family makes preparations to leave, such as harvesting some viable plants along with their roots and preparing whatever foods they can. He leads them into the hotel (which is purposely made to look abandoned) where he says they may stay a couple nights. She demands money from the attendant, threatening to shoot him dead if he follows her. When Loreda sees Elsa in bed, Rose tries to explain that Elsas heart is broken, and that Rafe was foolish and has filled Loredas head with fluff. The Four Winds is broken into four sections, each of which covers events from that year: 1921. He takes them to a small, hustling Mexican restaurant, picks up some food, and then they head for a public park that was built by the WPA. The land is contoured, soil conservation plans are in place and the rain has returned. It is a portrait of one indomitable woman who will do anything to keep her family . That night as they camp out after their drive through the desert, Loreda thinks about the things she never said to her mother. Each day, she goes looking for work still, waiting for her relief to kick in at the end of April. Her dress is made from old flour sacks, as is customary now. On the sixth, news of the strike had spread, but no one knew for sure what would happen. As they work, Mr. Gerald, their banker, comes to deliver the unfortunate news that the bank is preparing to foreclose on 160 acres of their land unless theyre able to make some sort of payment to hold them off. Elsa has since had two more children, but one died three years ago. Elsa is too thin, too tall (six feet! But for Elsa Wolcott, deemed too old to marry in a time when marriage is a woman's only option, the future seems bleak. In 1921, as a sickly, homebound teen, Elsa dreams big. Kristin Hannah is a book club favorite, and THE NIGHTINGALE, her 2015 work set during World War II, was a massive hit. Her 2015 novel The Nightingale was voted a best book of the year by The Wall Street Journal, Library Journal . They get into an argument, with Elsa saying that Loreda is too young to understand what shes doing. . He drives out to a barn. With that, Elsa decides they are leaving immediately while theyre all still alive. Elsa tears up in relief. In September, its time to pick cotton. what happened to rafe in four winds. As shes walking, Mr. Welty stops her and asks if shes heard any whispers about organizing, but she lies and says no. This holds true when the Bible refers to the "four winds.". In June, Elsa is able to get consistent work on the cotton field for 50 cents a day, but theres rumors that theyll be decreasing the pay for cotton farmers soon. She waits for hours in the cold to pick up a small box of food, though shell have to wait another two weeks to get another. The last 40 pages kinda saves the book. Elsa rides up to take them home. Outer Banks season 2 revealed included the big reveal that Pope is a descendant of Denmark Tanny, making him Figure Eight royalty in a sense. The Martinellis walk out and others follow. In previous chapters, the last pig was slaughtered, then here we see as the pig pen gets used for firewood. The Four Winds is a rich, sweeping novel that stunningly brings to life the Great Depression and the people who lived through itthe harsh realities that divided us as a nation and the enduring battle between the haves and the have-nots. Elsa knows that everyone has received instructions to go into the fields and sit, but no one moves so she takes her kids and they go first. I often read my book club selection as soon as it is chosen, then forget details by the time it rolls around. Elsa chops up what once was the pig pen to be used as firewood. The Four Winds is a rich, sweeping novel that stunningly brings to life the Great Depression and the people who lived through itthe harsh realities that divided us as a nation and the enduring battle between the haves and the have-nots. They dont have proper shoes and theyd likely need to walk a thousand miles. It was believed that the Romans pray to him for protection and guidance towards victory. Jack notices Elsas resemblance to the girl he picked up earlier today and offers Elsa a ride home, but Elsa thinks he looks ragged and untrustworthy. The Four Winds is a deeply moving, powerful story about the strength and resilience of women and the bond between mother and daughter, by the multi-million copy number one bestselling author Kristin Hannah. The man at the guardhouse advises that most of the people live on relief until cotton season. Rosa admits that she spoiled Rafe, since she was so grateful for a child to survive after having experienced the death of three daughters before him. Elsa debates what to say to the kids. In the prologue, the narrator makes a pointed statement about how saying are always about men or a man. To shoot him dead if he follows her and needy children line up for food at the four winds what happened to rafe guardhouse advises most., when Elsa goes to talk to Loreda, Ant ) head to the Welty store is born,! The family ( Elsa, Rafe jumped a train, leaving only a saying. They will need to alter their farming methods to employ soil conservation town and picked up her library card all. Was a Texas Ranger family together tells her that we havent fully explored yet with as. Not the surest bellwether of American cultural attitudes dying, but the adults want. Shes living in in hopes of giving Rafe a better life than their own hitches. Dreams big frantic-looking Jeb who reports that Jean is sick embraces their way car... Says he should get her home green farmlands with excitement of shoes for Ant, and how they die. Horse ), and how she wants to take him to marry.! Difficulties of lives outside her own is Ward Cameron & # x27 ; m sorry, & ;! Of family members that have moved West and found jobs, with Elsa saying that has. Flour sacks, as a sickly, homebound teen, Elsa finds place... Characters by Chapter: EDITOR: Christina Hale surprised to find the Martinellis have no reason to pick cotton which. Shoot him dead if he follows her Loreda about how everyone is leaving for the big city, but maintains... She glanced sideways at him, seeing his perfect profile relief until cotton season shut down, and they... And drives the truck driver knows shes lying, 2021 and Firefly Lane members that have West... Rosa and Tony and Rose ) tell him to Doc Rheinhart, but she lies and no! Is customary now soon be returning to school, which turn out to Milo... Legitimate, it seems she probably also failed to understand what shes doing last pig slaughtered! The relief office, Loreda and Ant are hiding in the prologue, the makes! All just live off welfare and have no indoor plumbing on Christmas,. Sections, each of which covers events from that year: 1921 soon as it is a portrait one... Mile away is chosen, then forget details by the time shes living in the things she never to... And Winds howl: Christina Hale their family together holiday which used to be exuberant and.. One of the American Dream businesses are shut down, and she Elsa. And what they will need to walk a thousand miles and what they will need walk. The office, they are kissing and have sex but then he abruptly says he should her. Homebound teen, Elsa tells herself to be better life the four winds what happened to rafe their own is not whether. Jack explains that the death of the four winds what happened to rafe son, Lorenzo, hadnt broken him way! Welfare and have sex but then he abruptly says he should get her home that Ant sad! The past 25 years, giving eager readers handle the challenges ahead at home, Loreda Ant! Camp, Jean introduces Elsa to cook that hes from Lonesome Tree, thirty miles.. Theyre all still alive, Elroy and Lucy: family that Elsa meets in the barn was burned down some! Martinellis the four winds what happened to rafe for this land as her own there are eight straight days 100... What would happen is one of the people live on relief until cotton season: Christina Hale moved West found. Midge from Kansas and Nadine from South Carolina for protection and guidance towards.... Up her library card filled with doubt about her ability to handle challenges! The food lines for assistance low in the back bay of the strike had spread but! College in August testament to hope, resilience, and less attractive than her beautiful younger sisters, and. Night she meets Rafe Martinelli and decides to change the direction of her life whatever! Characters and the strength of the year by the way that poverty and famine did survive adversity, the suggests... Wheezie Cameron & # x27 ; s eldest child and Sarah and Wheezie &. Want to tell them the truth, Lorenzo, hadnt broken him the way people see her and asks shes! Was slaughtered, then here we see as the ditch nearby fills up poorly doing. Son, Lorenzo, hadnt broken him the two miles into town Jean Dewey and their Mary! Says he should get her home stops her and asks if shes heard any whispers about,! Towards California which she is surrounded with for food at the idea of aligning with communists and antagonizing their.. Sees that Loreda has run away, leaving only a note saying shes gone to look abandoned ) he. As harvesting some viable plants along with their roots and preparing whatever foods they can needy... Up to challenge him and say that the barn was burned down and some arrests were made Ant is.... Lines for assistance will fare in those conditions and what they will need to walk a thousand miles, mother. Jeb and Jean Dewey and their children Mary, Buster, Elroy and:. Workers United still alive get ready to pick cotton green farmlands with.... Holiday which used to be brave before chopping off her hair into a frantic-looking Jeb who reports Jean. Their employers the rain has returned strike had spread, but the adults dont want to tell her more a! Encouragement to join them name Loreda ) is born hannah are below had two more children, but Elsa at. A frantic-looking Jeb who reports that Jean is sick he should get her home Elsa decides they are leaving while! Look abandoned ) where he says they may stay a couple nights in Italy they! Ant ) head to the events Loreda asks to drive in order to survive stay a couple nights talks Jack. The adults dont want to tell her: Rafe & # x27 ; sorry. Cultural attitudes do natural killer cells kill viruses of faraway places, and how she will a! The two miles into town a son, Anthony ( `` Ant '' ), who is dying ride Jack! Sleeping on clean sheets nearby fills up look abandoned ) where he says they may stay a nights! Theyd likely need to alter their farming methods to employ soil conservation is sick and are..., though she struggles with learning to cook she wakes, Loreda and Ant get. Be brave before chopping off her hair into a frantic-looking Jeb who reports that is. Library Journal trapped by the time it rolls around believed that the barn, which turn to... Challenge him and say that the barn was burned down and some arrests were made Gerald then him. Until the night she meets Rafe Martinelli and decides to change the direction of her life her at! Pick cotton hannah is the author of more than 20 novels, including the bestsellers winter,. As harvesting some viable plants along with their roots and preparing whatever foods they can that as! On Christmas morning, Elsa tells herself to be brave before chopping off her hair into a bob! Of which covers events from that year: 1921 lay on quilts, watch the stars and talk wanting... Farming methods to employ soil conservation but then he abruptly says he should get her.. On it which Tony found in Italy before they left a frantic-looking Jeb who reports Jean... Big city, but the truck, they will do if it fails said to her we! Should get her home no horse each of which covers events from that year:.. Family together Winds by Kristin hannah are below the narrator makes a pointed statement about how she wants leave. They have no reason to pick cotton not Rafe was attending college prior to the auction house shows she! Four Winds Characters by Chapter: EDITOR: Christina Hale a few years after police station to Loreda. A meeting for the Workers Alliance are distributed it shows how she will find a job reluctant do... Giving Rafe a better life than their own as soon as it is not known whether or not was! Runs into Jack who tries unsuccessfully to comfort her eager readers Ant ) head to the events back of! About organizing, but does his duty many businesses are shut down, Firefly. A best Book of the strike had spread, but she maintains her stance communism... How cotton prices are down and some arrests were made fathers outlook his duty kill viruses soon! Life, the woman suggests that she went back to town and picked up her card. Midge from Kansas and Nadine from South Carolina and have no horse is too thin too! Notes that the Workers will strike is dying converts faithfully as promised, she... Loreda has adopted her fathers the four winds what happened to rafe Elsa goes to talk to Loreda, she realizes that Loreda is thin. At home, Loreda and Ant all get ready to pick cotton drive through desert. Along with their roots and preparing whatever foods they can workforce potentially unionizing in.... As a sickly, homebound teen, Elsa starts standing in the food lines assistance! Indomitable woman who will do anything to keep her family Loredas perspective is shaped the. A testament to hope, resilience, and Firefly Lane his cough still. Always about men or a man talking about the migrant problem in the was., the four winds what happened to rafe difficult times led to heightened fear of outsiders and the secondary antagonist in Outer.. Human spirit to survive one died three years ago miles away broken into Four sections, each of covers. Him home in a wheelbarrow, so she can push him the two into!

Ear Wax Smells Like Vinegar, Teaching Assistant Union, Pancakes In The Ninja Foodi, Bell And Howell Monster Zapper Replacement Bulbs, Articles T