professor michael clarke biographyprofessor michael clarke biography

CD47 is therefore a validated target for cancer therapies. Professor Clark is someone that should teach all students. These results demonstrate that Bcl-XL is capable of protecting cells from p53-mediated apoptosis, and suggest a possible mechanism by which tumors expressing Bcl-XL are able to partly overcome the tumor suppressor functions of p53. B-cell lines established from two individuals with T-cell acute lymphocytic leukemia (T-ALL) express HLA-DR antigens, whereas the isogenic T-cells do not. Email: charlotte.clarke@ed.ac.uk. These results indicated the involvement of cis-acting sequences in the regulation of p53 subcellular localization. The main objectives of his laboratory are to pursue how perturbations in the self-renewal machinery contribute to human diseases and to use the findings to aid the development of more effective treatment therapies.His laboratory has a long history of innovative findings which include: the first to demonstrate that inappropriate expression of a normal gene could cause a tumor; the first to identify a dominant-negative splice variant of an oncogene; the first to identify a molecular regulator of stem cell self-renewal; the first to identify a solid tumor stem cell (in breast cancer) and the first to demonstrate a molecular linkage of a self-renewal program used by normal mammary stem cells and breast cancer cells. Profiles. Administration of anti-CD47 antibodies inhibited tumor growth in orthotopic immunodeficient mouse xenotransplantation models established with patient tumor cells and increased the survival of the mice over time. IL-10 function is required for the full protective effect of small-molecule Hedgehog pathway activation in colitis; this pharmacologic augmentation of Hedgehog pathway activity and stromal IL-10 expression are associated with increased presence of CD4(+)Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells. Here, we demonstrate a simple, yet robust, determinant of developmental potential-the number of expressed genes per cell-and leverage this measure of transcriptional diversity to develop a computational framework (CytoTRACE) for predicting differentiation states from scRNA-seq data. The calculated molecular weight of RGS18 is 27,610 and the isoelectric point is 8.63. We discuss possible functional consequences of such nucleosome positioning. Street. George Malcolm (1917-1997), Pianist, Cembalist, Dirigent und Komponist. Three well-known tumor suppressors, p53, p16INK4a, and p19ARF, have been connected to the limiting of stem cell self-renewal and proliferation. This suggests RGS18 can act on G(q)-mediated signaling pathways in vivo. Our data suggest that CSC interact with the microenvironment differently than non-CSC, and that this could eventually be a therapeutic approach for targeting CSC. This tumorigenic cell population could be identified prospectively and consistently had definable and identical phenotype. Within the colon, the Hedgehog protein signal does not act directly on the epithelium itself, but on underlying stromal cells to induce expression of IL-10, an immune-modulatory cytokine long known to suppress inflammatory intestinal damage. The results demonstrate that cell sorting is effective, much faster and less likely to alter tumor cell phenotype than traditional methods for removing LDV from xenograft models. Eighteen relapses occurred a median of 4 months after ABMT I (two late relapses at 28 and 44 months). Michael Clarke (academic) is a British academic who specialises in defence studies. Olivieri, J., Dehghannasiri, R., Wang, P. L., Jang, S., de Morree, A., Tan, S. Y., Ming, J., Wu, A., Consortium, T., Quake, S. R., Krasnow, M. A., Salzman, J. TACH101, a first-in-class pan inhibitor of KDM4 histone lysine demethylases. The expression of the E1A gene in both viruses is controlled by a minimal dual-specificity promoter that responds to estrogens and hypoxia. View details for Web of Science ID 000169201800006. The biotinylated proteins migrated with the same molecular weight as the native, unmodified protein as determined by SDS-PAGE and could be detected by Western blotting with alkaline phosphatase conjugated streptavidin, thus demonstrating the biotin linkage. Moreover, the inherent ability of residual CoCSC to generate tumors appears preserved. Heights. Since stromal cells in traditional human bone marrow cultures produce little HGFs, we have begun by asking whether local supplementation of hematopoietic growth factors via genetically engineered stromal cells might augment hematopoiesis in liquid cultures. He also carries out research into the cellular responses to anti-cancer drugs. Hernandez-Alcoceba, R., Pihalja, M., Wicha, M. S., Clarke, M. F. A bipartite nuclear localization signal is required for p53 nuclear import regulated by a carboxyl-terminal domain, Germ cell tumor: Differentiation of viable tumor, mature teratoma, and necrotic tissue with FDG PET and kinetic modeling. Hematopoietic stem cell gene therapy holds the promise of being able to treat a variety of inherited and acquired diseases of the hematopoietic stem cell. Professor William Clarke. These findings have important implications for the development and evaluation of oncologic therapies and present opportunities for potential gains in patient outcome. Here we show that normal mammary epithelial stem cells contain lower concentrations of ROS than their more mature progeny cells. Identification of pancreatic cancer stem cells and further elucidation of the signaling pathways that regulate their growth and survival may provide novel therapeutic approaches to treat pancreatic cancer, which is notoriously resistant to standard chemotherapy and radiation. Clarke, M. F., KukowskaLatallo, J. F., Westin, E., Smith, M., Prochownik, E. V. ACTIVATION OF A NOVEL KPNI TRANSCRIPT BY DOWNSTREAM INTEGRATION OF A HUMAN T-LYMPHOTROPIC VIRUS TYPE-I PROVIRUS. In addition to his clinical duties in the division of Oncology, Dr. Clarke maintains a laboratory focused on two areas of research: i) the control of self-renewal of normal stem cells and their malignant counterparts; and ii) the identification and characterization of cancer stem cells. CD47, a "don't eat me" signal for phagocytic cells, is expressed on the surface of all human solid tumor cells. To direct the replication of the virus to breast cancer, we have considered one characteristic present in a great proportion of these cancers, which is the expression of estrogen receptors (ERs). Reitz, M. S., Mann, D. L., Eiden, M., Trainor, C. D., Clarke, M. F. METHYLATION OF HUMAN T-CELL LEUKEMIA-VIRUS PROVIRAL DNA AND VIRAL-RNA EXPRESSION IN SHORT-TERM AND LONG-TERM CULTURES OF INFECTED-CELLS. This antigen may account for the extra HLA-A and -B specificities detected in HTLV-infected cells using alloantisera. van Weele, L. J., Scheeren, F. A., Cai, S. n., Kuo, A. H., Qian, D. n., Ho, W. H., Clarke, M. F. Single-cell transcriptional diversity is a hallmark of developmental potential. Clarke was interested . patients) at transplant: primary refractory disease (six), first relapse (10), second relapse (eight), third relapse (five). Park, I. K., Qian, D. L., Kiel, M., Becker, M. W., Pihalja, M., Weissman, I. L., Morrison, S. J., Clarke, M. F. Prospective identification of tumorigenic breast cancer cells. Cancers arise in a tissue as the culmination of a series of mutations that activate oncogenes and inactivate tumor suppressor genes. Professor Michael Clarke is a British security analyst. Following his specialty training in medical oncology at Royal Prince Alfred and Westmead Hospitals, Professor Boyer was a Research Fellow and Clinical Fellow at the Ontario Cancer Institute and Princess Margaret Hospital in Toronto, Canada, where he completed his PhD on cell biology. Analysis of HL-60 cells, a myeloid leukemia line with deletion of the 5q31 region, showed that the CTNNA1 promoter of the retained allele is suppressed by both methylation and histone deacetylation. In normal mouse epithelium, LEFTY1 expression in a subset of luminal cells and rare basal cells opposes BMP7 to promote ductal branching. To do so, we used breast tumors of the mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV)-Wnt-1 mice. The complexity and inefficiency of chromatin immunoprecipitation strategies restrict their sensitivity and application when examining rare cell populations. These include the nuclear import and export signals of p53, inhibition of p53 nuclear import and export by oligomerization, MDM2-mediated p53 nuclear export, and possible roles of p53 phosphorylation in regulating p53 cellular localization. Stem cells in many tissues sustain themselves by entering a quiescent state to avoid genomic insults and to prevent exhaustion caused by excessive proliferation. In contrast, BMP7, a NODAL antagonist with context-dependent functions, is produced by basal cells and restrains progenitor cell proliferation. These chemically reactive forms of biotin produced derivatives biotinylated at amine or carboxyl groups, respectively. In spite of substantial differences in the extent of methylation of class I-related genes, no obvious differences exist among these cell types in their levels of expression of HLA-A and -B antigens. His drumming was basic and, for the most part, appropriate for the Byrds' needs, although he was . Finally, questions regarding p53 cellular trafficking will also be discussed. This phenotypic diversity is driven by a small subset of mammary tumour stem cells. Microarray analysis comparing Thy1+CD24+ tumor cells to not-Thy1+CD24+ cells identified a list of differentially expressed genes. AKR/J mice had significantly higher frequencies and numbers of both HSCs and restricted progenitors in their bone marrow than C57BL/Ka-Thy-1.1 mice. We developed selective anti-human and anti-mouse DLL4 antibodies to dissect the mechanisms involved by analyzing the contributions of selectively targeting DLL4 in the tumor or in the host vasculature and stroma in xenograft models derived from primary human tumors. Michael Clark. Interestingly, phytohemagglutin-stimulated leukocyte-conditioned medium stimulated LTHMBCs in a similar fashion, as did conditioned medium from early LTHBMCs. Thus, the predicted transforming product, a protein of 27,281 daltons, may be the actual precursor for normal human platelet-derived growth factor chain A. Han, J. S., Qian, D. L., Wicha, M. S., Clarke, M. F. Targeting cancer cell death with a bcl-x(s) adenovirus. The mechanism of leukaemogenic transformation by human T-cell leukaemia/lymphoma virus (HTLV), a retrovirus implicated in the aetiology of certain adult T-cell leukaemias and lymphomas, is unknown but is conceivably associated with the expression of the cellular analogues of retroviral oncogenes. Our observations indicate that, in six of six human CRC tested, the ability to engraft in vivo in immunodeficient mice was restricted to a minority subpopulation of epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM)(high)/CD44+ epithelial cells. LEFTY1 binds BMPR2 to suppress BMP7-induced activation of SMAD5, and this LEFTY1-BMPR2 interaction is specific to tumor-initiating cells in triple-negative breast cancer xenografts that rely on LEFTY1 for growth. We demonstrate that radiation-induced cell death occurs by both p53-dependent and -independent pathways and overexpression of bcl-2 modulates both pathways. Ryan, J. J., Danish, R., Gottlieb, C. A., Clarke, M. F. C-MYB EFFECTS ON KINETIC EVENTS DURING MEL CELL-DIFFERENTIATION. Patients generally die of cancer after the failure of current therapies to eliminate residual disease. Three of these forms co-migrate on Northern blots and are co-expressed in several human hematopoietic cell types. He is the Karel and Avice Beekhuis Professor in Cancer Biology and Associate Director of the Stanford Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine. The hair color is Light brown and the eye color is Blue. Our technique eliminates loss of material and sensitivity due to multiple inefficient steps, while simplifying the workflow to enhance sensitivity and create the potential for novel applications. However, attempts to develop stable long-term human bone marrow cultures have been unsuccessful. This technology may provide a solution to the need for a high sensitivity, rapid, and automated ChIP assay, and in doing so facilitate the use of ChIP for many interesting and valuable applications. Li, C., Heidt, D. G., Dalerba, P., Burant, C. F., Zhang, L., Adsay, V., Wicha, M., Clarke, M. F., Simeone, D. M. Identification of a subpopulation of cells with cancer stem cell properties in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Clinical and Therapeutic Implications of Cancer Stem Cells Reply, Solid tumor cancer stem cells: From bench to bedside, ASXL1 regulates cellular differentiation and initiates tumorigenesis in colon. Westin, E. H., Gorse, K. M., Clarke, M. F. THE PROLIFERATION OF AML-193 IS REGULATED BY MULTIPLE HEMATOPOIETIC GROWTH-FACTORS AND CYTOKINES. We have developed a strategy of limited viral replication using AdRSVlaclys, a chemically modified E1-deleted adenovirus, to codeliver an exogenous plasmid encoding the adenovirus E1 region. Hosen, N., Yamane, T., Muijtjens, M., Pham, K., Clarke, M. F., Weissman, I. L. Phenotypic characterization of human colorectal cancer stem cells. We screened for genetic polymorphisms that were linked to differences between mouse strains in the numbers of long-term reconstituting HSCs or restricted progenitors in the bone marrow. http://med.stanford.edu/profiles/, Position:Assoc Director, Stanford Institute for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, Biopsy of Human Tumors for Cancer Stem Cell Characterization: a Feasibility Study. A locus on chromosome 17, including the H-2 complex, was significantly linked to the frequency of long-term self-renewing HSCs but showed no evidence of linkage to the frequency of restricted progenitors. However, none of the NB cell lines expressed Bcl-xS. Expression of BMI1, a known regulator of stem cell self-renewal, was modulated by miR-200c. View details for Web of Science ID 000083623000026. View details for DOI 10.1016/j.stem.2020.06.017, View details for DOI 10.1056/NEJMra1804280, View details for DOI 10.1056/NEJMc1908886, View details for Web of Science ID 000440602000017. In murine leukemia models induced by P210BCR/ABL or TEL/PDGFbetaR + AML1/ETO, Bmi-1 was not overexpressed in leukemic HSCs, despite the increase in the HSC numbers. In this report, we have used intravital multiphoton microscopy to visualize the different migration patterns of human breast tumor cells in live primary tumors. A., Beachy, P. A., Berdnik, D., Bilen, B., Brownfield, D., Cain, C., Chan, C. K., Chen, M. B., Clarke, M. F., Conley, S. D., Demers, A., Demir, K., de Morree, A., Divita, T., du Bois, H., Ebadi, H., Espinoza, F. H., Fish, M., Gan, Q., George, B. M., Gillich, A., Gomez-Sjoberg, R., Green, F., Genetiano, G., Gu, X., Gulati, G. S., Hahn, O., Haney, M. S., Hang, Y., Harris, L., He, M., Hosseinzadeh, S., Huang, A., Huang, K. C., Iram, T., Isobe, T., Ives, F., Jones, R. C., Kao, K. S., Karnam, G., Kershner, A. M., Khoury, N., Kim, S. K., Kiss, B. M., Kong, W., Krasnow, M. A., Kumar, M. E., Kuo, C. S., Lam, J., Lee, D. P., Lee, S. E., Lehallier, B., Leventhal, O., Li, G., Li, Q., Liu, L., Lo, A., Lu, W., Lugo-Fagundo, M. F., Manjunath, A., May, A. P., Maynard, A., McKay, M., McNerney, M. W., Merrill, B., Metzger, R. J., Mignardi, M., Min, D., Nabhan, A. N., Ng, K. M., Nguyen, P. K., Noh, J., Nusse, R., Patkar, R., Peng, W. C., Penland, L., Pollard, K., Puccinelli, R., Qi, Z., Rando, T. A., Rulifson, E. J., Segal, J. M., Sikandar, S. S., Sinha, R., Sit, R. V., Sonnenburg, J., Staehli, D., Szade, K., Tan, M., Tato, C., Tellez, K., Torrez Dulgeroff, L. B., Travaglini, K. J., Tropini, C., Tsui, M., Waldburger, L., Wang, B. M., van Weele, L. J., Weinberg, K., Weissman, I. L., Wosczyna, M. N., Wu, S. M., Xiang, J., Xue, S., Yamauchi, K. A., Yang, A. C., Yerra, L. P., Youngyunpipatkul, J., Yu, B., Zanini, F., Zardeneta, M. E., Zee, A., Zhao, C., Zhang, F., Zhang, H., Zhang, M. J., Zhou, L., Zou, J. The E1A gene in both viruses is controlled by a minimal dual-specificity promoter that responds to estrogens hypoxia! 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