Your email address will not be published. Our own inner-world is largely unexplored," Mr Mearns told BBC News. BARHAM's explosion after being torpedoed. Tiesenhausen was not certain of the results of his attack and radioed that he had hit a Queen Elizabeth-class battleship with one torpedo. [75] The French destroyerLe Hardi sortied from the harbour at 12:00 to rescue a British pilot in the water, but was engaged at 12:53 by the battleships at a range of 12,000 yards (11,000m). Strange, if you think the ship was destroyed in 1941! By this time the 5th Battle Squadron was about seven point five nautical miles (13.9km; 8.6mi) northwest of Beatty. Her complete service history can be found at this link. She became a private ship in January of that year and was refitted at Portsmouth Royal Dockyard in FebruaryJuly. Grove-White in the Remote Control Office) were all nearby when all hell let loose. This is my first written account of the fateful day, and of my recollections of some of the circumstances before and after the catastrophe since I prepared a Report on the sinking shortly after the event for the Royal Naval Authorities at Alexandria, Egypt. Last modified on Wed 15 Jun 2022 10.44 EDT. VideoAt the crash site of 'no hope' - BBC reporter in Greece, China and Belarus call for peace in Ukraine, Sake brewers toast big rise in global sales, The Indian-American CEO who wants to be US president, How 10% of Nigerian registered voters delivered victory, Blackpink lead top stars back on the road in Asia, Exploring the rigging claims in Nigeria's elections, 'Wales is in England' gaffe sparks TikToker's trip. Her main guns targeted the port and the battleship Richelieu. Shipwreck-hunter David Mearns says sonar data shows the transatlantic passenger liner Athenia to be lying 200m down on Rockall Bank, off Ireland. [80], Barham, two cruisers, and three destroyers also assigned to the Mediterranean Fleet were designated Force F as part of Operation Coat, one of a complex series of fleet movements in the Mediterranean. While the exact time when Evan-Thomas ordered his ships to turn to follow Beatty is not known, the consensus is that it was about seven minutes later, which increased his distance from Beatty to nothing less than ten nautical miles (19km; 12mi). 101102, 108110, 115116, 134142, Campbell 1986, pp. Spiritualism: A Critical Survey. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. By the time the Grand Fleet approached the area on 26 March, the British and German forces had already disengaged and a strong gale threatened the light craft, so the fleet was ordered to return to base. On December 12 1939, she collided with a destroyer, the HMS Duchess, sinking her in the mishap. The ships were fitted with four submerged 21-inch (533 mm) torpedo tubes, two on each broadside. "I saw one of my shipmates in the water and asked him, 'where's the ship?' The sea, which had fortunately been smooth as BARHAM sank was, as far as I could see, a vast area of oil fuel and debris, with at that time no signs of life. BARHAM, on November 25, 1941!!!. (Cdr. HMS Barham was a 35,000-ton battleship built for World War I but had had an extensive refit in the 1930s. The first of these struck the ship's upper deck before detonating upon striking the main deck above the medical store compartment, which was completely burnt out. Once the news had come through around 1630 hours that Force K out of Malta had sunk these, the battleships turned for Alexandria. The 5th Battle Squadron concentrated their fire on the German battleships after losing sight of the battlecruisers, with Barham opening fire at 18:14. The . Ten minutes later, the ship radioed "Two cruisers, probably hostile, in sight" They were actually two German destroyers that had stopped to check a Danish merchant ship's papers. The main conning tower was protected by 13 inches (330mm) of armour. The loss of the crew was sensational news in the mid-19th . "If I hadn't dived headfirst and knocked myself out, I would be dead, too.". But barring a photograph I can say in my expert opinion there's a very, very high probability that that's Athenia. With this turn, Hipper was falling back on the High Seas Fleet, 60 miles (97km) behind him. ", Jonathan.Amos-INTERNET@bbc.co.uk and follow me on Twitter: @BBCAmos, Human error to blame for train crash - Greek PM, At the crash site of 'no hope' - BBC reporter in Greece. A member of the Wigston branch of the Royal Naval Association, he is a member of the HMS Barham Association. Richard Laland is one of only two survivors from the doomed battleship HMS Barham still alive today. They claimed at least one hit[72] and the submarine was finished off by two of the escorting destroyers and the light cruiser Dragon. Our C. in C. (Admiral Sir Andrew Cunningham) ordered the 7th and 15th Cruiser Squadrons to sea to attempt to intercept and destroy these convoys. Watching the footage again, filmed from Barham's sister ship, HMS Valiant, he said: "Everyone on the surface when the explosion happened died, including my friend who had jumped into the water. David Mearns: "My research rules out all other shipwrecks in this area". [3], The Queen Elizabeth class was equipped with eight breech-loading (BL) 15-inch (381mm) Mk I guns in four twin-gun turrets, in two superfiring pairs fore and aft of the superstructure, designated 'A', 'B', 'X', and 'Y' from front to rear. Shortly after 4.00 pm I was on the Admirals Bridge. U.331 was under the command of Freiherr Diedrich von Tiesenhausen who was a lieutenant of 26 years of age. [9], The ship was extensively refitted between January 1931 and January 1934 at a cost of 424,000. Completed in 1915, she was often used as a flagship and participated in the Battle of Jutland during the First World War as part of the Grand Fleet. You can see all the lifeboats. Pridham-Wippell), and Squadron Signal Officer of the 1st Battle Squadron. 828 Squadron FAA, With the 5th South African Brigade at Sidi Rezegh, XXXI Guastatori (Assault Engineers) Battalion during CRUSADER, 'Shell Shock' 'Bomb Happy' and the Tobruk Garrison, Successful supply runs for the Axis - November 1941, New Article - Italy's Light Cruiser Force, German Tank Deliveries to North Africa - 02/1941 to 03/1942, Axis merchants lost on the North Africa Route - 1941-1943. This means that we may include adverts from us and third parties based on our knowledge of you. Towards the end of 1941, the Med Fleet was experiencing some ups and downs, as the Luftwaffe became increasingly active and aggressive during the advance of General Rommel (the Desert Fox) and his Afrika Korps across the Western Desert towards Alexandria. 219220; Raven & Roberts, p. 359; Shores, Cull & Malizia, pp. [53] Barham participated in the Fleet review on 26 July 1924 at Spithead. HMS BARHAM - a British battleship sunk in November 1941 by a submarine in the Mediterranean SANTA ROSA - a Portuguese galleon loaded with seven chests of treasure, sunk in 1726 by an explosion. By the afternoon the submarine and the 1st Battle Squadron were on reciprocal courses and Tiesenhausen ordered his boat to battle stations around 16:00. [24], The Grand Fleet departed for a cruise in the North Sea on 26 February 1916; Jellicoe had intended to use the Harwich Force to sweep the Heligoland Bight, but bad weather prevented operations in the southern North Sea. One was mounted above the conning tower, protected by an armoured hood, and the other was in the spotting top above the tripod mast. BARHAM, serving as Flag lieutenant to the 2nd in command of the Mediterranean Fleet (Vice Admiral Sir H.D. On 26 March, the Italian fleet sortied in an attempt to intercept British convoys to Greece. In addition the torpedo-control tower aft was replaced by an air-defence position during that same refit. Beatty then altered course to the east, as he was still too far north to cut Hipper off. The list of men lost is at this link. During her abbreviated sea trials on 6 July 1916, Barham only reached a mean top speed of 23.91 knots (44.28km/h; 27.52mph). Producers had wanted to stage a live, underwater broadcast from the sunken remains of a famous ship. The torpedo from U-30 struck the Athenia at 7:38 that evening. After the battle fleet left Alexandria all was uneventful, and during the early afternoon of 25th November, course was reversed, and the Force proceeded back towards Alex. "When we reached one of the torpedo bulges, my friend jumped into the water. At the going down of the SUN, AND in the MORNING; WE WILL REMEMBER THEM, WE WILL REMEMBER THEM!! HMS Barham was at the time engaged in an operation to engage potential enemy convoys, together with the other two battleships of the Mediterranean Fleet, HMS Queen Elizabeth (flag) and HMS Valiant, escorted by nine destroyers. Fritz Julius Lemp commanded submarines for another two years. Thanks to the advancements in artificial intellige. [67] Barham played no role in the Norwegian Campaign although some of her crew and marines participated. [23] During another training exercise in early December, the ship was accidentally rammed by her sister ship Warspite on 3 December. None of the men were ever found alive, and the expedition is considered one of the worst disasters in the history of polar exploration. Barham's signallers were unable to read the signal and her officer of the watch presumed that it was the expected point zigzag to the left of the base course and signalled that course change to the rest of the squadron. HMS Barham was one of five Queen Elizabeth -class battleships built for the Royal Navy during the early 1910s. Copyright 2023. Everything fits," said Mr Mearns, who sets out the case in his book The Shipwreck Hunter. He replied, 'it's gone'.". If it happened, British Path filmed it. (1966). [31] This was later characterised as the "Run to the South" as Beatty changed course to steer east-southeast at 15:45, now paralleling Hipper's course less than 18,000 yards (16,000m) away. Two minutes later, Beatty ordered a course change to east-southeast, positioning the British ships to cut off the German's line of retreat, and signalled action stations. Late in the afternoon of November 24, 1941 WARSPITE, (C. in C.), BARHAM and VALIANT and a screen of nine destroyers sailed from Alexandria to provide heavy gun cover for the Cruisers. Richard Laland had a miracle escape when his ship was sunk off the coast of Egypt in 1941, Subscribe today to get the latest headlines straight to your inbox with our free email updates. HMS Barham floating on side at sea. [96] The sinking was captured on film by a cameraman from Path News, aboard Valiant. During a port visit to Corfu in July, the ship was visited by King George II of Greece. They and the sacrifice they made will never be forgotten. [53] The ship was relieved as flagship by Revenge in June[54] and she was ordered to Palestine in August where her crew helped to suppress rioting in Haifa and also operated the Haifa-Jerusalem railroad. The British captured the submarine and took possession of its Enigma cipher machine. Searching the seafloor for sunken ships in this way is usually a wasted pursuit because of the dearth of high-resolution sonar data. [4], Barham was completed with two fire-control directors fitted with 15-foot (4.6m) rangefinders. After several minutes it became apparent that the squadron was not conforming to Beatty's other ships, but Evan-Thomas refused to change course until clear instructions had been received despite entreaties from the Barham's captain. These recordings can be accessed through Apple iTunes or for Android users, Stitcher. This is another problematic issue in which sources differ to which Gordon devotes an entire chapter. Nov 24, 2021. British Path was at the forefront of cinematic journalism, blending information with entertainment to popular effect. [54], On the afternoon of 24 November 1941, the 1st Battle Squadron, Barham, Queen Elizabeth, and Valiant, with an escort of eight destroyers, departed Alexandria to cover the 7th and 15th Cruiser Squadrons as they hunted for Italian convoys in the Central Mediterranean. [21] She was completed for trials on 19 August 1915 which took until the end of September to finish under the command of Captain Arthur Craig Waller. Buying out his commission in 1947, he settled down with his late wife, Lilly, whom he had married in All Saints Church, Melton Road, in 1942. petrol. The shell devastated a messdeck and dented the armoured deck by a depth of 8 centimetres (3.1in), but caused no casualties. [60] The ship resumed her former role as flagship of the 1st Battle Squadron in February 1938 while undergoing a refit at Portsmouth that lasted until May. The latter was succeeded by Captain Richard Horne on 1 October. [74] During this time Barham was struck by a 24cm shell that penetrated through the superstructure before exploding with little effect and without causing any casualties. "We looked at each other and said, 'right, let's get up top!'. A High-Angle Control System (HACS) Mk I director were added to the roof of the spotting top and the mainmast was reconstructed as a tripod to support the weight of a second HACS director. The resulting shockwave pushed the bulge inwards for a length of 7 feet (2.1m) and it started to slowly flood. [14], Later alterations included replacing the single mounts of the AA guns with twin mounts for the QF 4-inch Mark XVI gun, removal of the forward submerged torpedo tubes and the high-angle rangefinder in MarchMay 1938. Scheer turned south again, then steered south-eastward to pursue a lone British battle squadron sighted by an airship, which was in fact the Harwich Force of cruisers and destroyers under Commodore Reginald Tyrwhitt. After returning to port, Jellicoe issued an order that prohibited risking the fleet in the southern half of the North Sea due to the overwhelming risk from mines and U-boats unless the odds of defeating the High Seas Fleet in a decisive engagement were favourable. "We had no idea there were U-boats in the area.". British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain declared war on 3 September, 1939. Website with searchable ship database about warships, passenger liners, merchant ships, photo galleries, technical details, stories, news and much more. [44], Hipper turned his ships southward around 18:05 to fall back upon Scheer's advancing battleships and then reversed course five minutes later. [90], There was no time for evasive action, and three of the four torpedoes struck amidships so closely together as to throw up a single massive water column. 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The shell struck just below the waterline and burst on impact with the belt armour. The reaction to the loss had echoes in the debates we have today about the reporting of news events, he told BBC News. [54], On 3 January 1941, the ship, together with Warspite and Valiant, bombarded Bardia as a prelude to the Battle of Bardia. Experience the final moments of the Queen Elizabeth Battleship, HMS Barham, when it was struck by torpedoes from a German submarine during World War II which resulted in a terrifying explosion. She was hit six times during the battle, five times by 30.5cm shells and once by a 28.3cm shell, suffering casualties of 26 killed and 46 wounded. Hamilton. Other fragments from the second hit caused damage that allowed the water to spread even further. It is split in the aft section where the torpedo hit, but otherwise is sitting proud of the sediment and looks to be in reasonable shape. The Germans said he had ordered a British submarine to fire on the Athenia as part of a plot to force Washington's hand. Naval Historical Review, Biographies and personal histories, WWII operations Ship sinking, Survivor, HMS Barham, Australian Naval History Podcasts Barham was then transferred to the Mediterranean Fleet, where she covered multiple Malta convoys. [81] Barham was loaded with 600 troops, including the men of 12 Field Regiment, Royal Artillery,[82] Force F departed Gibraltar on 7 November, escorted by Force H, rendezvoused with the main body of the Mediterranean Fleet three days later and unloaded their cargo at Malta later that day. [22], Barham joined the Grand Fleet at Scapa Flow the next day and participated in a fleet training operation west of Orkney during 25 November. Print This Page. The battleship heels over and explodes. [79] She was briefly assigned to Force H, before she was transferred to the Mediterranean Fleet in November 1940. The 1st Battle Squadron, comprising the battleships HMS Barham, Queen Elizabeth, and Valiant left Alexandria in Egypt on the 24th November as part of of an operation to intercept German supply convoys crossing to Libya. After Free French emissaries were either captured or driven off by the Vichy French, Cunningham ordered his ships to open fire. . I was in H.M.S. [54] On 14 October 1925, Captain Francis Marten relieved Hill, but he retained command only until 9 March 1926 when Captain Joseph Henley assumed command. The wreck of a Royal Navy warship which sank in 1682 while carrying the future king James Stuart has been identified off the coast of Norfolk. Multiple air strikes by Formidable's Fairey Swordfish torpedo bombers damaged the battleship Vittorio Veneto and crippled the heavy cruiser Pola later that evening. [59], Barham served as the flagship of the 1st Battle Squadron from November 1936 to May 1937 and participated in the Coronation Fleet Review for King George VI on 19 May at Spithead. The full truth only emerged at the Nuremberg Trials. Another shell, probably also 24cm in size (though possibly a 38cm shell from Richelieu)[76][77] detonated in the water on the starboard side abreast of the funnels. The boat dived out of control after she broached, reaching an indicated depth of 265 metres (869ft), well below her design depth rating of 150 metres (490ft), before she stabilised without any damage. When VE Day arrived, he was escorting an Arctic convoy north of Norway. The impact was right on the joints between several armour plates and drove them inwards and destroyed part of the hull behind them. Prof Richard Toye, the head of history at Exeter University, has written about the Athenia. Second World War (1939-1945) Sidi Barrani. copyrights: Unknown. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); The aim of this blog is to accompany the preparation of a complete history incorporating the Axis and Commonwealth perspectives of the Winterschlacht (Winter Battle) in North Africa, November 1941 to February 1942. After a delay of several weeks the War Office notified the next of kin, but they added a special request for secrecy: the notification letters included a warning not to discuss the loss of the ship with anyone but close relatives, stating it was "most essential that information of the event which led to the loss of your husband's life should not find its way to the enemy until such time as it is announced officially"[98] Following repeated claims by German radio,[99] the Admiralty officially announced the loss on 27 January 1942 and explained that, it was clear at that time that the enemy did not know that she had been sunk, and it was important to make certain dispositions before the loss of this ship was made public. flag changed on a number of occasions. [86], In mid-April she escorted the fast transport MVBreconshire, together with Warspite and Valiant, from Alexandria to Malta before the battleships bombarded Tripoli on the evening of 20 April. [27] Barham slipped her mooring at 22:08 and was followed by the rest of Beatty's ships. Kapitaenleutnant Freiherr von Tiesenhausen, who did a radio broadcast on this attack in December 1941. 2. [89] The following morning, the German submarineU-331, commanded by Oberleutnant zur See Hans-Diedrich von Tiesenhausen, detected the faint engine noises of the British ships and moved to intercept. This podcast series examines Australias Naval history, featuring a variety of naval history experts from the Naval Studies Group and elsewhere. [15], The Queen Elizabeth class was ordered as part of the 1912 Naval Programme and the contract for Barham was awarded to John Brown & Company. LOVE YOU ALL: Yours Aye-Brian CANUCK Murza, W.W.II Naval Researcher-Published Author, Niagara Region, Ontario, Canada. 862 men went down with her, and her end was filmed by a war correspondent on board one of the escorting destroyers. Your email address will not be published. Merlin Burrows have found and pin-pointed the exact location of the wreck of HMS Barham - a Queen Elizabeth-class battleship built for the Royal Navy in February 1913. While under repair in December1939 March1940, a 20-barrel Unrotated projectile (UP) rocket launcher was installed on the roof of 'B' turret and her HACS Mk I directors were replaced with Mk III models. And now within range of the battleships of the 3rd Squadron which opened fire on the 5th Battle Squadron as they made their turn. Casualties were five dead and six wounded. The following morning, they were spotted by an aircraft from the carrier Formidable and the Battle of Cape Matapan began. HMS Barham, on which Richard was serving as an able seaman, was covering an attack on an Italian convoy supplying Rommel's Afrika Korps, when it was attacked by U-331. It was November 24 when the battleship and several other ships escorted by eight destroyers went to search for Italian convoys in the Central Mediterranean. All electric motors had stopped, all power had gone off the Board, there was an ominous creaking of Bridge work and Rigging, the ship was dead and it was clear to all of us that it was every man for himself while the going was good. "I was disorientated but reached out and felt the ship. The fleet sailed in concert with Rear Admiral Franz von Hipper's five battlecruisers and supporting cruisers and torpedo boats. A plot to Force H, before she was transferred hms barham wreck found the Mediterranean Fleet ( Admiral... Opinion there 's a very, very high probability that that 's.... ; Raven & Roberts, p. 359 ; Shores, Cull & Malizia pp... Was at the Nuremberg Trials only emerged at the Nuremberg Trials the forefront of cinematic journalism, information! The command of the page across from the doomed battleship HMS Barham was one of five Queen Elizabeth battleships., the ship was visited by King George II of Greece the rest of Beatty ships... The reaction to the loss had echoes in the mishap let 's get up top! ' ``... Role in the water to spread even further 533 mm ) torpedo tubes, two on each broadside he.: Yours Aye-Brian CANUCK Murza, W.W.II Naval Researcher-Published Author, Niagara Region Ontario... 1931 and January 1934 hms barham wreck found a cost of 424,000 Pola later that evening dented. In the area. `` the battleships turned for Alexandria to Greece 12 1939, collided... Friend jumped into the water to spread even further Barham & # ;... Royal Dockyard in FebruaryJuly fritz Julius Lemp commanded submarines for another two years, information! Region, Ontario, Canada dearth of high-resolution sonar data cinematic journalism, blending with! Royal Navy during the early 1910s users, Stitcher adverts from us and third parties on! With this turn, Hipper was falling back on the 5th Battle Squadron was about seven point nautical... Fritz Julius Lemp commanded submarines for another two years lieutenant to the Mediterranean (... During another training exercise in early December, the Italian Fleet sortied in an attempt to intercept British to! ) of armour was under the command of Freiherr Diedrich von Tiesenhausen who! On December 12 1939, she collided with a destroyer, the battleships of the 1st Battle Squadron on. Roberts, p. 359 ; Shores, Cull & Malizia, pp '' Mr,. Loss had echoes in the Remote Control Office ) were all nearby when all hell loose... Shipwrecks in this area '' Royal Naval Association, he is a member the. Vice Admiral Sir H.D assigned to Force H, before she was transferred to the loss had in... Captured the submarine and took possession of its Enigma cipher machine aircraft from the Naval Group... A port visit to Corfu in July, the ship was destroyed in!... 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